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International Journal of Bioprinting Stress prediction in 3D-printed scaffolds

implantation and taking preventive measures in advance Acknowledgments
are effective measures to avoid stress concentration None
fractures. Biological 3D printing scaffolds used for bone
repair are mostly prepared by the extrusion method. The Funding
fidelity issue between the prepared scaffold structure
and the designed structure is one of the problems to be This research was funded by the National Key Research
solved in the field of biological 3D printing. Due to the and Development Program of China (2022YFA1104600);
inconsistency between the printed structure and the the National Natural Science Foundation of China (319278
designed structure, it is difficult to obtain reliable results and 12002112); and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science
when evaluating the mechanical properties of the printed Foundation of China (LY24A020006 and LZ22A020005).
scaffold, especially its stress distribution. In this work, the
accuracy of the proposed stress distribution prediction Conflict of interest
method was significantly improved compared with the The authors declare they have no competing interests.
traditional method, which was conducive to improving
the clinical applicability of the scaffold. At the same time, Author contributions
for scaffolds with little printing distortion, the clinical
applicability of the final scaffold can be predicted based Conceptualization: Ling Wang, Mingen Xu
on the morphological monitoring of the scaffold after Data Curation: Hong Liu, Luge Zhang
printing, thereby reducing the test cycle. Formal analysis: Danyu Yao, Hong Liu, Luge Zhang
Investigation: Danyu Yao, Hong Liu, Luge Zhang
4. Conclusion Methodology: Danyu Yao, Hong Liu
Writing – original draft: Danyu Yao
This study combined 3D imaging (P-OCT, micro-CT) Writing – review & editing: Danyu Yao, Ling Wang,
with FEA to monitor morphological changes during the Luge Zhang, Ming Liu
fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds, identified differences
between design structures and actual prints, and assessed Ethics approval and consent to participate
their impact on the overall strength of the scaffold and
the internal stress distribution. The research found that Not applicable.
both the macroscopic volume and microscopic filament
diameter of the scaffold shrink after drying or sintering, Consent for publication
leading to significant deformation, with no significant Not applicable.
effect of scaffold angle on deformation. Printing defects
had a significant impact on stress distribution. The 90° Availability of data
scaffolds exhibited the highest printing fidelity and the
fewest defects, whereas the 60° and 45° scaffolds had more Data is available from the corresponding author upon
material accumulation defects, affecting the load-bearing reasonable request.
contact surfaces and consequently influencing mechanical
strength and stress distribution. The stress concentration References
areas of the 90° scaffold correspond well across different
states. In subsequent research, the deformation process of 1. Schemitsch EH. Size matters: defining critical in bone defect
the scaffold could be monitored to obtain the post-printing size! J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31(Suppl 5):S20-S22.
doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000978
state of the scaffold. For scaffolds with few printing defects,
the stress distribution of the final sintered scaffold can be 2. Kang Y, Xu C, Meng LA, et al. Exosome-functionalized
predicted based on the post-printing state. This method magnesium-organic framework-based scaffold with
may help shorten the experimental period and facilitate osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties
foraccelerated bone regeneration. Bioact. Mater. 2022;
the clinical application of bone defect repair scaffolds.
18:26-41.
For scaffolds with weak printing distortions (such doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.012
as the 90° scaffold), the clinical applicability of the final 3. Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, et al. 3D bioactive composite
scaffold can be predicted based on the monitoring of the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater.
scaffold’s morphology after printing, thereby reducing the 2018;3(3):278-314.
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Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 468 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4460