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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Investigation of Ceramic Dental Prostheses Based

on ZrSiO -Glass Composites Fabricated by Indirect
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Additive Manufacturing

Marlon Wesley Machado Cunico *
1,2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAE University Center, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
2 Concep3D Research and Development, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Abstract: Dental prosthesis and restoration technologies have been developed in the past years. Despite the advantages of
additive manufacturing, computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing technologies are still the dominant type
of method for fabricating prostheses. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of using indirect fused
deposition modeling to fabricate dental prosthesis made of ZrSiO -glass composites. To achieve this goal, filaments were
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filled by 90% of ZrSiO and 50 μm glass spheres to fabricate prosthesis. Multivariable approach was applied to evaluate the
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feasibility of the proposed method. Holding temperature, holding time, heating rate, and cooling rate were considered the
control factors, while shrinkage, flexural strength, and process feasibility were the study responses. In addition, the flexural
strength of materials was found between 25 and 85 MPa, while shrinkage fluctuated between 10 and 25%.

Keywords: Fused deposition modeling ceramic sintering; Additive manufacturing; Ceramics

*Correspondence to: Marlon Wesley Machado Cunico, Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAE University Center, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil;
marloncunico@yahoo.com.br

Received: September 29, 2020; Accepted: October 20, 2020; Published Online: November 26, 2020
Citation: Cunico MWM., 2021, Investigation of Ceramic Dental Prostheses Based on ZrSiO -Glass Composites Fabricated
4
by Indirect Additive Manufacturing. Int J Bioprint, 7(1):315. http://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i1.315

1. Introduction spite of that, CAD/CAM techniques also show some
disadvantages, such as requirement of highly trained
In the past few years, additive manufacturing (AM) professional to operate 5-axis computer numerical control,
technologies have started playing an important role in high cost of raw material, excessive waste generation,
several industrial and health-care segments . In addition, high cost of maintenance, and short lifetime of tooling.
[1]
development of dental materials and applications On the other hand, AM could improve the fabrication of
signifies the advent of digital fabrication through which dental prosthesis by increasing automation, flexibility,
the dental implants are mainly fabricated by computer- shape freedom, and fabrication speed. Apart from
aided design and computer-aided manufacturing manufacturing and product development, AM is also in
(CAD/CAM) techniques coupled with three-dimensional applied in different areas, such as aerospace, electronics,
(3D) scanning [2,3] . medical applications, and tissue engineering [6-15] .
Table 1 shows the most common techniques that After weighing the pros and cons of either technique,
are used in accordance with the type of dental prosthesis. several aspects of AM technologies, such as mechanical
Possibly, CAD/CAM is currently the most used technique strength, type of material, bio-reactivity, and cost, still
in prosthodontics . Although AM is still used in the remain as the challenges awaiting to be addressed .
[4]
[18]
fabrication of medical/dental models and temporary For that reason, AM technologies are widely used for:
dentures, its mechanical strength is usually inferior to provisional crown and bridge restorations, casting
that of CAD/CAM technologies and no sufficient clinical patterns, dental models, surgical guide, and splints. On
records regarding its application are available [2-5] . In the other hand, further development of AM technologies

© 2020 Cunico. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original
work is properly cited.
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