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REVIEW ARTICLE

A Review on Bioinks and their Application in Plant

Bioprinting

Susmita Ghosh , Hee-Gyeong Yi *
1,2
1
1 Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University,
Gwangju, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National
University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

Abstract: In recent years, the characterization and fabrication methods concerning new bioinks have received much attention,
largely because the absence of bioprintable materials has been identified as one of the most rudimentary challenges for
rapid advancement in the field of three-dimensional (3D) printing. Bioinks for printing mammalian organs have been rapidly
produced, but bioinks in the field of plant science remain sparse. Thus, 3D fabrication of plant parts is still in its infancy due to
the lack of appropriate bioink materials, and aside from that, the difficulty in recreating sophisticated microarchitectures that
accurately and safely mimic natural biological activities is a concern. Therefore, this review article is designed to emphasize
the significance of bioinks and their applications in plant bioprinting.
Keywords: 3D bioprinting; Bioinks; Titanium dioxide; Decellularized extracellular matrix; Plant bioprinting

*Correspondence to: Hee-Gyeong Yi, Assistant Professor, Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering and Department of Rural and
Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea; hgyi@jnu.ac.kr
Received: February 7, 2022; Accepted: May 24, 2022; Published Online: September 2, 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Materials and Processing for Medical 3D Printing and Bioprinting)
Citation: Ghosh S, Yi HG., 2022. A Review on Bioinks and Their Application in Plant Bioprinting. Int J Bioprint, 8(4): 612. http://doi.
org/10.18063/ijb.v8i4.612

1. Introduction after bioprinting . The insufficiency of bioinks (bioprintable
[5]
materials) is a significant stumbling block in the domain of
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, also known as 3D bioprinting for printing tissues .
[6]
additive manufacturing (AM), is a rapidly evolving field, Bioinks are basically biomaterial solutions
with a focus on fabricating organ and tissue constructs by containing living cells and are essential components in
layering organic materials, living cells, and biochemicals bioprinting . Bioprintability, non-toxicity, insolubility
[2]
according to a given digital model [1,2] . This method is in cell culture medium, visco-elasticity, high mechanical
a more precise means of recreating complex structures integrity and stability, the ability to stimulate cell adhesion,
compared to other similar technologies . Over the past and biodegradability at a steady rate are all necessary
[3]
15 years, progress in 3D printing technologies has produced features of biomaterials for enabling high-quality tissue
novel technologies such as bioplotting, extrusion-based regeneration. Non-immunogenicity and permeability
bioprinting, stereolithography, inkjet-based bioprinting, of nutrients and gases are also critical characteristics of
fused deposition modeling, and laser-based bioprinting . an ideal bioink (Figure 1). In 2003, the term “bioink”
[4]
However, these techniques still have limitations regarding and the phrase “biopaper” were first used in the context
cell viability, long-term functionality, and accurate process of organ printing [7,8] . The original plan was to create (or
parameters (Table 1) . Bioinks constitute a significant possibly print) a biopaper (hydrogel) and then bioprint
[2]
element of all bioprinting procedures, as they are used to it using living cells or tissue spheroids as the bioink .
[9]
create the final shapes of the desired tissue structures, and Bioink was first used to describe a biological component
they are stabilized or cross-linked during or immediately that was inserted in 3D on or within a hydrogel.
© 2022 Author(s). This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting distribution and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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