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Multifunctional 3D Bioprinting System for Construction of Complex Tissue Structure Scaffolds

A B C

D E F

G H I

J K L

M N

Figure 4. Schematic of the modular designed nozzles. (A-F) Motor-driven piston-based microextrusion nozzles. (G-L) Pneumatic
microextrusion nozzles. Nozzles for printing thermosensitive (A and G) and photosensitive (B and H) hydrogels, nozzles for fused deposition
modeling (D and J), nozzles for solution electrospinning (C and I) and near-field electrohydrodynamic direct writing (E and K), and nozzles
for coaxial printing (F and L). (M) Mechanical screw-based nozzle. (N) Overview of the 3D printing pathways of printing in a suspension
medium. Pathway is defined by removal of the medium after printing (top) and retention of the medium after printing (bottom).

Through the adjustment of the multistage pressure reducing air pressure to the pneumatic piston syringe (Figure 4G-I
valve, a pressure of 0.005 – 1 MPa can be provided. The and L). When printing cell-containing bioinks, a rubber
bioink materials can be extruded by directly supplying piston must be installed as a buffer to prevent high

260 International Journal of Bioprinting (2022)–Volume 8, Issue 4