Page 238 - IJB-9-1

International Journal of Bioprinting

REVIEW ARTICLE
Three-dimensional printing of smart constructs

using stimuli-responsive biomaterials: A future
direction of precision medicine

Qiqi Gao 1,2† , Jae-Seong Lee , Byoung Soo Kim *, Ge Gao *
3,4
1,2
3†
1 School of Medical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2 Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
3 Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
South Korea
4 School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612,
South Korea
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Composite/Multi-component Biomaterial Inks and
Bioinks)

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, which is a valuable technique for the fabrication
of tissue-engineered constructs and biomedical devices with complex architectures,
has brought about considerable progress in regenerative medicine, drug delivery,
† These authors contributed equally and diagnosis of diseases. However, because of the static and inanimate properties of
to this work. conventional 3D-printed structures, it is difficult to use them in therapies for active and
*Corresponding authors: precise medicine, such as improved tissue regeneration, targeted or controlled drug
Ge Gao delivery, and advanced pathophysiological monitoring. The integration of stimuli-
(gaoge@bit.edu.cn) responsive biomaterials into 3D printing provides a potential strategy for designing
Byoung Soo Kim
(bskim7@pusan.ac.kr) and building smart constructs that exhibit programmed functions and controllable
changes in properties in response to exogenous and autogenous stimuli. These
Citation: Gao Q, Lee JS, Kim BS, features make 3D-printed smart constructs the next generation of tissue-engineered
et al., 2023, 3D printing of smart
constructs using stimuli-responsive products. In this review, we introduce the prevalent 3D printing techniques (with an
biomaterials: A future direction of emphasis on the differences between 3D printing and bioprinting, and biomaterials
precision medicine. Int J Bioprint, and bioink), the working principle of each technique, and the advantages of using
9(1): 638.
https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.638 3D printing for the fabrication of smart constructs. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials
that are widely used for 3D printing of smart constructs are categorized, followed by
Received: June 23, 2022
a summary of their applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and biosensors.
Accepted: September 10, 2022 Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of 3D-printed smart constructs are
Published Online: November 9, discussed.
2022
Copyright: © 2022 Author(s). Keywords: Three-dimensional printing; Stimuli-responsive biomaterials; Smart
This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the constructs; Tissue engineering; Biomedical application
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited. 1. Introduction
Publisher’s Note: Whioce Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a revolutionary manufacturing technology that
Publishing remains neutral with enables the flexible and precise assembly of living cells, biomaterials, and biological
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional factors to build tissue-engineered structures for use in therapeutics, pharmaceuticals,
[1]
affiliations. and diagnostics . The constructs are designed and biofabricated with biomimetic
Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023) 230 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.638