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Biocompatible materials and Multi Jet Fusion

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Figure 8. (A) Escherichia coli cultivated on 3D-printed PA-12 and positive control (plate) cell culture chambers and visualized with fluorescence microscopy
using BacLight LIVE/DEAD stain, which stained live cells green and compromised (dead) cells red. (B) MTT assay showing viability of E. coli cultured on
3D-printed PA-12 and positive control (plate) cell culture chambers after 24 h.

[54]
quality, functional parts . Accordingly, the effect of the inclusion of detailing agent, morphologies with rough
presence of these components on the biocompatibility of and uneven surface texture are observed due to coarse
printed parts remains to be identified. So far, this is the first spherulites contained in reclaimed and reused PA-12
study that focuses on the use of MJF-printed substrates for powder (Figure 1C and E), following post-crystallization
life science applications. This study opened the door for and spherulite growth [62,63] . Moreover, the partially fused
use of 3D-printed PA-12 as a bioreactor. Furthermore, the PA-12 powder particles would detach from the surface,
cells that were used in this study were mostly robust cell leaving voids and making the surface porous (Figure 1C),
lines which will likely grow on most surfaces. However, which is considered as a design limitation.
we specifically tested the ability of cells to adhere and The material surface and topography are crucial
proliferate on these MJF-printed substrates.
in improving and controlling the cellular response.
In addition to its ability to print parts that are stronger Modification of the surface chemistry directly influences
and more precise, MJF demonstrates a faster printing protein adsorption and therefore cell behaviors. By altering
process/production speed in comparison to SLS with high- functional groups present at the material surface, it is
quality printed parts and high-throughput printing . possible to tailor its surface properties, and consequently its
[60]
Since this process uses a powder-based material, the wettability, cell adhesion, and proliferation . As part of the
[7]
finished products are susceptible to defects such as rough material surface optimization, 3D-printed PA-12 surfaces
surface, lack of fusion, and porosity . Even with the are functionalized by O plasma activation and tested for
[61]
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Volume 9 Issue 1 (2023) 28 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i1.623