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International Journal of Bioprinting Biomechanical properties of 3D printable materialv

acquired CFD modeling on phantoms designed with this Conflict of interest
material would be reinforced and more credible for clinical The authors declare no conflict of interests.
comparisons. Concerning the design of the samples, a
noticeable difference was found between the expected Author contributions
thickness and the one measured experimentally. Among
the three materials, the Filastic material had the smallest Conceptualization: Siyu Lin, Olivier Bouchot
TM
thickness error (maximum difference of 10.12%), while Data curation: Siyu Lin
the NinjaFlex had the largest error (maximum difference Formal analysis: Siyu Lin
of 33.09%). The thickness error in RGD450+TangoPlus Funding acquisition: Olivier Bouchot
samples ranged from 0.85% to 19.57%. According to Chung Investigation: Siyu Lin, Chloe Bernard, Moundji Kafi
et al., a slower printing speed can reduce thickness error, Methodology: Siyu Lin
thus achieving higher model accuracy (between computer- Project administration: Alain Lalande, Olivier Bouchot
aided design [CAD] models and physical models) . Our Resources: Georges Tarris, Chloe Bernard, Camille Gobled
[26]
study showed that thickness error was greater in thicker Software: Siyu Lin, Diana M. Marín-Castrillón, Arnaud
samples and differed between printing materials. Boucher, Benoit Presles
The aortic wall is normally considered anisotropic and Supervision: Alain Lalande, Olivier Bouchot
nonlinear [11,27-32] . All of the three printed materials showed Validation: Siyu Lin
a nonlinear behavior. However, since the 3D-printed Visualization: Siyu Lin, Alain Lalande, Paul M. Walker
material is synthetic, it is difficult to mimic the anisotropic Writing – original draft: Siyu Lin
behavior. Although RGD450+TangoPlus showed small Writing – review & editing: Alain Lalande, Paul M. Walker,
differences in the value of maximum Young’s modulus Olivier Bouchot
in directions A and B, the difference between the two Investigation: Siyu Lin, Chloe Bernard, Moundji Kafi,
directions was not statistically significant. Marie-Catherine Morgant
In other similar studies on the biomechanical Consent for publication
properties of the human aorta, the range of failure stress With regard to Jardé law (French Bioethics law), patient
was found to be between 0.54 MPa and 2.18 MPa [30,33-37] . consent was waived as autopsy samples are not concerned
In our study of the healthy aorta, the mean failure stress by bioethical regulations.
value was 0.48 MPa, with a maximum Young’s modulus
of 0.91 MPa. Compared with thermoplastic polyurethane, Availability of data
RGD450+TangoPlus had by far the closest biomechanical
properties to the healthy aortic wall (0.28 MPa in stress The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the
and 1.05 MPa in maximum Young’s modulus). current study are available from the corresponding author
on reasonable request.
5. Conclusion
RGD450+TangoPlus in 50 SH is the most suitable 3D References
printable material (among the three synthetic materials 1. Ploch CC, Mansi CSSA, Jayamohan J, et al., 2016, Using
tested in this study) to represent a healthy human aorta 3D printing to create personalized brain models for
although thermoplastic polyurethane has a lower cost and neurosurgical training and preoperative planning. World
easier setup compared to rubber-like material . Neurosurg, 90:668–674.
[26]
Acknowledgments https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.081
2. Hochman JB, Rhodes C, Wong D, et al., 2015, Comparison
We thank the association of “Bourgogne Coeur” and of cadaveric and isomorphic three‐dimensional printed
EU funds PO FEDER-FSE Bourgogne 2012-2020 for models in temporal bone education. Laryngoscope,
the financial support in the experiments. We also thank 125(10):2353–2357.
Dijon 3D company (Dijon, France) for providing the
thermoplastic polyurethane material. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.24919
3. Lynn AQ, Pflibsen LR, Smith AA, et al., 2021, Three-
Funding dimensional printing in plastic surgery: Current applications,
future directions, and ethical implications. Plast Reconstr
This study was financed by the association of “Bourgogne Surg Glob Open, 9(3):e3465.
Coeur” and the EU funds PO FEDER-FSE Bourgogne
2012–2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003465

Volume 9 Issue 4 (2023) 309 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.736