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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printing in bone regeneration and bone repair

Figure 9. Top 25 keywords with the strongest citation bursts of publications related to three-dimensional printing in bone regeneration and bone repair.

4.2.4. Bone disease therapeutics comprising gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/β-tricalcium
Multidisciplinary regeneration strategies involving 3DP phosphate (β-TCP)/sodium alginate (Sr )/MXene has
2+
scaffolds, along with their capabilities for cell recruitment, shown dual photothermal antibacterial and osteogenic
osteogenic differentiation, and immunomodulation have capability, with photothermal effects endowed by
been applied with much success in preclinical studies of MXene. This scaffold has also shown strong potential in
bone repair and regeneration. However, complex cases of accelerating in vivo healing of infected bone defects .
[53]
bone reconstruction remain a challenge, particularly for These studies collectively suggest the necessity to develop
different types of bone diseases that require multimodal multifunctional 3DP implants that possess potent bone
treatment in addition to just inducing bone formation. In regeneration capability while targeting the treatment of
the case of bone tumor therapeutics, photothermal therapy specific bone diseases.
is often required along with bone regeneration therapy
to enable the dual function of eradicating residual tumor 4.3. Outlook for BTE in bone regeneration and bone
cells while preserving healthy bone cells and encouraging repair
new bone formation. In this respect, a functionalized 3DP for BTE has advanced at producing products with
3DP scaffold comprising photothermal-triggered tailored structures, adjustable compositions, customized
Wesselsite nanosheets, which can simultaneously induce shapes, etc. . Over the past 10 years, 3DP for bone
[23]
osteosarcoma ablation through extensive hyperthermia regeneration and bone repair has made great progress
triggered by near-infrared-II (NIR-II) light and promote in the fields of material and technology development,
vascularized bone regeneration, has been developed . regenerative strategy innovation, and bone disease
[52]
For bone infection, a 3DP composite hydrogel scaffold therapeutics. However, there are some problems that

Volume 9 Issue 4 (2023) 329 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.737