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International Journal of Bioprinting Evolution of bioprinting

which each should be used, which is to ensure good Author contributions
mechanical properties and high cell viability at the same Conceptualization: Jesús M. Rodríguez-Rego, Laura
time. In the future, these discoveries will make it possible Mendoza-Cerezo
to reduce printing time while increasing cell viability, as Funding acquisition: Alfonso C. Marcos-Romero
well as increasing the resemblance of bioprinted tissues to Investigation: Jesús M. Rodríguez-Rego, Laura Mendoza-
real tissues of the organism.
Cerezo
5. Conclusion Project administration: Alfonso C. Marcos-Romero,
Bioprinting is developing at an exponential rate, with new Antonio Macías-García
and important discoveries being made every day. With the Supervision: Antonio Macías-García, Antonio Díaz-
research on bioprinting first published in 1998 when the Parralejo
term “bioprinting” had not yet been coined, and with the Writing – original draft: Laura Mendoza-Cerezo
publication of only very few articles in the following years, Writing – review & editing: Jesús M. Rodríguez-Rego,
the humble start of bioprinting research has gradually piqued Alfonso C. Marcos-Romero
the interest of the scientific community, and the tremendous
exploration of this technique has eventually generated Ethics approval and consent to participate
more than 1000 publications in each of the last 2 years. It is Not applicable.
anticipated that, in a matter of a few years, it will undergo
another round of evolution, accompanied by more impactful Consent for publication
and beneficial applications. Moreover, it is also expected
that bioprinting will be applied in medical regeneration, as a Not applicable.
routine practice in hospitals and laboratories.

Great successes of bioprinting, such as in situ Availability of data
reconstruction of tissues on the patient that led to excellent Not applicable.
outcomes in skin regeneration , reconstruction of
[94]
ovarian tissue that allows the gestation of offspring in a References
natural way , reconstruction of a thyroid gland capable
[79]
of normalizing thyroxine levels in the blood , and 1. Ozbolat IT, Yu Y, 2013, Bioprinting toward organ fabrication:
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regeneration of damaged axons of a spinal cord , are Challenges and future trends. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 60(3):
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all indicators that the continued evolution of bioprinting 691–699.
will eventually aid in the development of new therapies, http://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2013.2243912.
such as the generation of complete organs for autologous 2. Park A, Wu B, Griffith LG, 1998, Integration of surface
transplants and the new solutions to currently incurable modification and 3D fabrication techniques to prepare
diseases. This also corroborates the fact that bioprinting patterned poly(L-lactide) substrates allowing regionally
is an impetus to the revolution in modern medicine, selective cell adhesion. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 9(2): 89–110.
thanks to current and future advances as well as any new http://doi.org/10.1163/156856298X00451.
applications that are yet to be discovered or conceived.
3. Kim SS, Utsunomiya H, Koksi JA, et al., 1998, Survival
Acknowledgments and function of hepatocytes on a novel three-dimensional
synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold with an intrinsic
We want to thank the European Regional Development network of channels. Ann Surg, 228(1): 8.
Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the project http://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199807000-00002.
(BIOSIMPRO. IB20158) with the code 2021/00110/001 for
funding this publication. 4. Bhatia SN, Chen CS, 1999, Tissue engineering at the micro-
scale. Biomed Microdevices, 2(2): 131–144.
Funding http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009949704750.
This work was funded by the European Regional 5. Vozzi G, Ahluwalia A, de Rossi D, et al., 2000, Microsyringe
Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the project based fabrication of high resolution organic structures for
(BIOSIMPRO. IB20158) with the code 2021/00110/001. bioengineering applications. Proceedings of the First Annual
International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on
Conflict of interest Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology, 141–145.
6. Quirk RA, Briggs D, Davies MC, et al., 2001, Characterization
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. of the spatial distributions of entrapped polymers following

Volume 9 Issue 4 (2023) 376 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.742