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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printed PEEK scaffold mediates macrophages to affect osseointegration

compared to scaffolds with small pore size, scaffolds with Availability of data
large pore size induce a higher degree of M1 to M2 transition The data that support the findings of this study can be
of macrophages and promote angiogenesis of HUVECs and acquired from the corresponding author upon reasonable
osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. In addition, request.
scaffolds with large pore size promote the formation and
ingrowth of new bone in vivo, thereby achieving a better Reference
osseointegration effect. This study explores the potential
relationship between pore size, macrophage function, and 1. Alves A, Thibeaux R, Toptan F, et al., 2019, Influence
osseointegration of PEEK scaffolds, which may provide a of macroporosity on NIH/3T3 adhesion, proliferation,
new strategy for promoting osseointegration of PEEK bone and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 over bio‐
repair materials with host bone. functionalized highly porous titanium implant material.
J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 107(1): 73–85.
Acknowledgments 2. Chen Z, Bachhuka A, Wei F, et al., 2017, Nanotopography-

None. based strategy for the precise manipulation of
osteoimmunomodulation in bone regeneration. Nanoscale,
Funding 9(46): 18129–18152.
3. Trindade R, Albrektsson T, Tengvall P, et al., 2016, Foreign
This work was supported by National Natural Science body reaction to biomaterials: On mechanisms for buildup
Foundation of China (Grant No. 82002286), Guangdong and breakdown of osseointegration. Clin Implant Den Relat
Science and Technology Planning Project (Grant No. Res, 18(1): 192–203.
2020A1515111041), and Henan Medical Science and 4. Zhang D, Chen Q, Shi C, et al., 2021, Dealing with the
Technology Provincial and Ministry co-construction foreign‐body response to implanted biomaterials: strategies
research project (Grant No. SBGJ202102089). and applications of new materials. Adv Funct Mater, 31(6):
2007226.
Conflict of interest
5. Balabiyev A, Podolnikova NP, Kilbourne JA, et al., 2021,
The authors declare no conflict of interest. Fibrin polymer on the surface of biomaterial implants drives
the foreign body reaction. Biomaterials, 277: 121087.
Author contributions 6. Niu Y, Wang Z, Shi Y, et al., 2021, Modulating macrophage

Conceptualization: Xiaopeng Yang, Dichen Li activities to promote endogenous bone regeneration:
Data curation: Xiaopeng Yang, Shenyu Yang, Huilong Liu, Biological mechanisms and engineering approaches. Bioact
Mater, 6(1): 244–261.
Danyang Su
Formal analysis: Xiaopeng Yang, Shenyu Yang 7. Schlundt C, Fischer H, Bucher CH, et al., 2021, The
Funding acquisitions: Xiaopeng Yang, Shenyu Yang, Dichen multifaceted roles of macrophages in bone regeneration: A
Li story of polarization, activation and time. Acta Biomater,
Investigation: Xiaopeng Yang, Huilong Liu, Danyang Su 133: 46–57.
Methodology: Xiaopeng Yang 8. Xie Y, Hu C, Feng Y, et al., 2020, Osteoimmunomodulatory
Project administration: Dichen Li effects of biomaterial modification strategies on macrophage
Resources: Xiaopeng Yang, Dichen Li, Jianbo Gao, Yan Wu polarization and bone regeneration. Regen Biomater, 7(3):
Supervision: Dichen Li, Jianbo Gao 233–245.
Visualization: Xiaopeng Yang, Shenyu Yang 9. Kim H, Wang SY, Kwak G, et al., 2019, Exosome‐guided
Writing – original draft: Xiaopeng Yang, Shenyu Yang phenotypic switch of M1 to M2 macrophages for cutaneous
Writing – review & editing: Xiaopeng Yang, Shenyu Yang, wound healing. Adv Sci, 6(20): 1900513.
Dichen Li 10. Graney P, Ben-Shaul S, Landau S, et al., 2020, Macrophages
of diverse phenotypes drive vascularization of engineered
Ethics approval and consent to participate tissues. Sci Adv, 6(18): eaay6391.

Ethical approval was obtained from the Experimental 11. Zhang W, Zhao F, Huang D, 2016, Strontium-substituted
Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University submicrometer bioactive glasses modulate macrophage
(20210426-02). responses for improved bone regeneration. ACS Appl Mater
Interfaces, 8(45): 30747–30758.
Consent for publication 12. Spiller KL, Anfang RR, Spiller KJ, et al., 2014, The role
of macrophage phenotype in vascularization of tissue
Not applicable. engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials, 35(15): 4477–4488.

Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 142 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.755