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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D printed PEEK scaffold mediates macrophages to affect osseointegration

Figure 5. In vitro osteogenic differentiation evaluation of the macrophage-conditioned medium. Conditioned medium is the supernatant of the medium
produced after co-culture of macrophages and scaffolds for 3 days. (A) ALP staining of BMSCs cultured in conditioned medium for 14 days (scale bar
= 100 μm). (B and C) Quantitative analysis of ALP staining and Alizarin red S staining, respectively. (D) Alizarin red S staining of BMSCs cultured in
conditioned medium for 14 days (scale bar = 100 μm). (E) Expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, OCN, OPN, and RUNX2) of rabbit BMSCs
cultured in conditioned medium at day 14. Data are shown as the mean ± SD for n ≥ 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicate significant differences
when compared to the PEEK0; p < 0.05 indicates significant differences when compared to the PEEK200.
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Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 137 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.755