Page 177 - IJB-9-5

International Journal of Bioprinting Functional materials of 3D bioprinting for wound healing

Figure 2. Classification and representative materials of functional materials. Abbreviations: CS, chitosan; PANI, polyaniline; PPy, polypyrrole; CAT,
catalase; PLA, poly(lactic acid); MMT, montmorillonite; SA, sodium alginate; PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane; SE, silicone elastomers; PTX, paclitaxel; Cur,
curcumin.
may result in the formation of chronic wounds . of skin wounds, thereby meeting the ever-evolving needs
[42]
Therefore, application of functional materials for external of patients . Therefore, a large number of functional
[46]
interventions on these adverse factors in the process of materials are used as modern wound dressings and skin
wound repair is critical to avoid the occurrence of chronic tissue scaffolds, including antibacterial materials, anti-
ulcers and wound healing [38,43] . inflammatory material, conductive material, antioxidant,
hemostatic materials, flexible material, and antitumor
3. Functional materials for wound healing material. Representatives of various functional materials and

In recent decades, the materials used for wound healing their related mechanisms are shown in Figure 2 and Table 1.
are divided into naturally derived materials and synthetic 3.1. Antimicrobials
materials . Natural materials mainly include collagen, Antibacterial materials are able to inhibit or kill bacteria
[44]
chitosan, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and sodium alginate. (or fungi). Antibacterial materials can be divided into
Synthetic materials include poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) four categories according to their chemical structure and
(PLGA), poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK), poly(lactic acid) composition: (i) inorganic compounds (silver ions and
(PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(glycolic copper ions) ; (ii) organic compounds (guanidine salt,
[64]
acid) (PGA) . So far, researchers have developed a large quaternary ammonium salt, and quaternary phosphorus
[44]
number of wound dressings and tissue-engineered skin salt) ; (iii) natural antibacterial agents (antibacterial
[65]
substitutes based on the above materials. However, there peptides, chitin, and chitosan) ; (iv) composite
[64]
is still much more room to improve the materials for skin antibacterial agents (inorganic/organic, inorganic/
wound healing . The existing wound healing materials and inorganic, organic/organic, and composite materials) .
[45]
[66]
various functional materials can be combined according to
the depth, scope, and pathological state of different types
Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 169 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.757