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International Journal of Bioprinting Hydrogels for 3D bioprinting

well as the application of tissue engineering before the Conflict of interest
transformation into clinical practice. Hydrogels are a kind The authors declare no conflict of interests.
of biomaterials with great application potential, which are
widely used in soft tissue and hard tissue regeneration. Author contributions
The application of hydrogel has many advantages as a
scaffold material in tissue engineering. According to Conceptualization: Qiang Fu, Kaile Zhang
different hydrogel properties, using different 3D printing Visualization: Meng Liu, Yangwang Jin, Yuhui Wang
technologies prepares different tissue scaffolds. However, Writing – original draft: Wenzhuo Fang, Ming Yang, Liyang
some shortcomings need to be overcome, such as weak Wang, Wenyao Li, Meng Liu, Yangwang Jin, Yuhui Wang,
mechanical properties, lower printability, unstable Ranxing Yang, Ying Wang
crosslinking, unfavorable effects on cell survival, and very Writing – review & editing: Qiang Fu, Kaile Zhang
fast or slow degradation. We found that several different All authors approved the final manuscript for publication.
hydrogel materials are often combined, and the mechanical
properties, shear-thinning, and stability of the scaffold are Ethics approval and consent to participate
improved by adding nanoparticles or nanofiber materials.
What’s more, the biocompatibility of the hydrogel and the Not applicable.
acid–base environment which is suitable for cell growth
are adjusted by releasing biologically active factors. Consent for publication
Another example is the composite surface modification Not applicable.
of the hydrogel and nanoscale materials, which adjusts the
properties of the hydrogel, increases its surface biological Availability of data
activity, enhances the interaction between cells and cells, Not applicable
cell and matrix, and performs functions on the surface
of nanomaterials with chemical modification [28,168] . These References
research methods have achieved good results to a certain
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that hydrogels have broad prospects as bioinks for 3D https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-02137-6
bioprinting, and the tissues or organs used to construct 2. Beheshtizadeh N, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Pazhouhnia Z, et al.,
will surely reach new heights in medical treatment. 2019, A review of 3D bio-printing for bone and skin tissue
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Acknowledgments 3729–3749.
We acknowledge Suchow novaprint regenerative medicine https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04259-0
company. 3. Ozbolat IT, Peng W, Ozbolat V, 2016, Application areas of
3D bioprinting. Drug Discov Today, 21(8): 1257–1271.
Funding https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.006

We acknowledge financial support from the National Natural 4. Magalhaes RS, Williams JK, Yoo KW, et al., 2020, A tissue-
Science Fund of China (82170694, 81700590), the Shanghai engineered uterus supports live births in rabbits. Nat
Jiao Tong University Biomedical Engineering Cross Biotechnol, 38(11): 1280–1287.
Research Foundation (YG2022ZD020), Shanghai Municipal https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0547-7
Commission of Health and Family Planning (20184Y0053), 5. Hellström M, Bandstein S, Brännström M, 2016, Uterine
Shanghai Health Committee (XHLHGG20, 20184Y0053), tissue engineering and the future of uterus transplantation.
Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (20ZR144210), Ann Biomed Eng, 45(7): 1718–1730.
Shanghai “Rising Stars of Medical Talent” youth development
program, Shanghai Jiao Tong University K. C. Wong https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1776-2
Medical Fellowship Fund, The Talent Program of Shanghai 6. Campo H, Cervelló I, Simón C, 2016, Bioengineering
University of Engineering Science (QNTD202104), Shanghai the uterus: An overview of recent advances and future
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Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 231 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.759