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International Journal of Bioprinting                      Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin bioinks for DLP 3D printing



            meet the requirements of different tissue and organ defect   were improved with 75% ethanol immersion. In addition,
            repair and regeneration with different degradation rates.  ASF-MA  hydrogels provided biocompatibility and
               Compared with some hydrogels without RGD sequence,   biological functions to promote the adhesion, migration,
            such as BSF-GMA, PEGDA, and sodium alginate, ASF   and proliferation of S16 cells compared to other types
            required no additional modifications or corresponding   of hydrogels. At the same time, the cell-loaded tissue
            sequences since it has its own RGD sequence. In our   constructs had a favorable cell survival rate. Therefore,
            study, ASF-MA 10%  hydrogel showed great cell adhesion.   ASF-MA can be used for 3D printing such as DLP and has
            NIH/3T3, S16, and HUVECs multiplied normally after the   the potential applications in biomedical fields.
            inoculation on the surface. The ASF-Ma EtOH hydrogels   Acknowledgments
            presented no significant advantage for cell proliferation,
            but we observed subtle differences in cell morphology and   The authors would like to thank Yaping Wu (Histology and
            migration. Previous studies have indicated that S16 cells   Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital,
            and HUVECs were sensitive to the properties of substrate   Sichuan University) for performing confocal imaging.
            material. HUVECs aggregated more easily on softer   We  thank  the  Analytical  and  Testing  Center,  Sichuan
            hydrogels (E ≈ 2 kPa) and developed capillary-like loops   University, P. R. China, for their guidance and assistance
            prematurely, while on harder hydrogels (E ≈ 15 kPa), they   in SEM observation and analysis of the data. We also thank
            were less likely to aggregate and the formation of loops was   Boya Li, Yuxin Cao, and Jiahao Zhang for their help in
            delayed . Their proliferation rate decreased remarkably   editing the paper.
                  [55]
            on rigid hydrogels . Similarly, S16 cells were sensitive
                           [56]
            to the matrix material. It showed a tendency for bipolar   Funding
            elongation on the laminin-coated basal material (E  ≈   This work was partially funded by the National Natural
            20  kPa)  and  had  a  multipolar  morphology  on  the  same   Science Foundation (32271468), Sichuan Science and
            basal material with E ≈ 1 kPa . The surface morphology   Technology Program (2021JDTD0001), Natural Science
                                    [57]
            of the substrates also contributed to the morphology and   Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC1405),  and
            migration of S16 cells [58,59] . In our study, HUVECs and S16   Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
            cells showed biological effects similar to those reported in   (2022SCU12043).
            previous studies. According to the sequence of hydrogel
            compression properties, i.e., ASF-MA  EtOH > ASF-  Conflict of interest
                                           10%
            MA 10%  PBS > GelMA > BSF-GMA, S16 cells showed
            significant spreading/elongation on 20% ASF-MA 10%  PBS   The authors declare no conflict of interest.
            hydrogel. The relative expression of S16 cell adhesion-,
            migration-,  and  myelination-related  genes  was  slightly   Author contributions
            higher. Preliminarily, the results suggested that ASF-MA 10%    Conceptualization: Yulan Huang, Xue Zhang
            PBS hydrogel may promote  the migratory movement of   Data curation: Xue Zhang, Yulan Huang
            S16 cells, but the specific molecular mechanisms, including   Investigation: Xue Zhang, Yulan Huang, Xiong Yang
            the molecular pathways and upstream and downstream   Methodology: Wenbi Wu, Yulan Huang, Xue Zhang
            regulatory proteins, are still not clear. Currently, delineation   Project administration: Maling Gou
            of the crucial functions of 3D-printed scaffold materials in   Writing – original draft: Xue Zhang
            peripheral nerve repair is still underway. Our next goal is to   Writing – review & editing:  Maling Gou, Xue Zhang,
            work on the repair of peripheral nerve defect. We shall also   Wenbi Wu
            focus on the physicochemical and biological properties of
            ASF-MA hydrogels to confirm the feasibility of ASF-MA as   Ethics approval and consent to participate
            a scaffold material for other tissue engineering applications
            in different tissues and organs, such as skin, blood vessels,   All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental
            and kidneys.                                       Animal Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of
                                                               Sichuan University (ethics approval number 2020370A)
            5. Conclusion                                      and conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care
                                                               and Use of Laboratory Animals.
            We synthesized ASF-MA for photocured 3D bioprinting
            by modifying ASF molecular chains chemically with   Consent for publication
            a preparation process and printing performance. The   Not applicable.
            compressive and tensile properties of ASF-MA hydrogel



            Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023)                        254                         https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.760
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