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International Journal of Bioprinting Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin bioinks for DLP 3D printing
meet the requirements of different tissue and organ defect were improved with 75% ethanol immersion. In addition,
repair and regeneration with different degradation rates. ASF-MA hydrogels provided biocompatibility and
Compared with some hydrogels without RGD sequence, biological functions to promote the adhesion, migration,
such as BSF-GMA, PEGDA, and sodium alginate, ASF and proliferation of S16 cells compared to other types
required no additional modifications or corresponding of hydrogels. At the same time, the cell-loaded tissue
sequences since it has its own RGD sequence. In our constructs had a favorable cell survival rate. Therefore,
study, ASF-MA 10% hydrogel showed great cell adhesion. ASF-MA can be used for 3D printing such as DLP and has
NIH/3T3, S16, and HUVECs multiplied normally after the the potential applications in biomedical fields.
inoculation on the surface. The ASF-Ma EtOH hydrogels Acknowledgments
presented no significant advantage for cell proliferation,
but we observed subtle differences in cell morphology and The authors would like to thank Yaping Wu (Histology and
migration. Previous studies have indicated that S16 cells Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital,
and HUVECs were sensitive to the properties of substrate Sichuan University) for performing confocal imaging.
material. HUVECs aggregated more easily on softer We thank the Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan
hydrogels (E ≈ 2 kPa) and developed capillary-like loops University, P. R. China, for their guidance and assistance
prematurely, while on harder hydrogels (E ≈ 15 kPa), they in SEM observation and analysis of the data. We also thank
were less likely to aggregate and the formation of loops was Boya Li, Yuxin Cao, and Jiahao Zhang for their help in
delayed . Their proliferation rate decreased remarkably editing the paper.
[55]
on rigid hydrogels . Similarly, S16 cells were sensitive
[56]
to the matrix material. It showed a tendency for bipolar Funding
elongation on the laminin-coated basal material (E ≈ This work was partially funded by the National Natural
20 kPa) and had a multipolar morphology on the same Science Foundation (32271468), Sichuan Science and
basal material with E ≈ 1 kPa . The surface morphology Technology Program (2021JDTD0001), Natural Science
[57]
of the substrates also contributed to the morphology and Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC1405), and
migration of S16 cells [58,59] . In our study, HUVECs and S16 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
cells showed biological effects similar to those reported in (2022SCU12043).
previous studies. According to the sequence of hydrogel
compression properties, i.e., ASF-MA EtOH > ASF- Conflict of interest
10%
MA 10% PBS > GelMA > BSF-GMA, S16 cells showed
significant spreading/elongation on 20% ASF-MA 10% PBS The authors declare no conflict of interest.
hydrogel. The relative expression of S16 cell adhesion-,
migration-, and myelination-related genes was slightly Author contributions
higher. Preliminarily, the results suggested that ASF-MA 10% Conceptualization: Yulan Huang, Xue Zhang
PBS hydrogel may promote the migratory movement of Data curation: Xue Zhang, Yulan Huang
S16 cells, but the specific molecular mechanisms, including Investigation: Xue Zhang, Yulan Huang, Xiong Yang
the molecular pathways and upstream and downstream Methodology: Wenbi Wu, Yulan Huang, Xue Zhang
regulatory proteins, are still not clear. Currently, delineation Project administration: Maling Gou
of the crucial functions of 3D-printed scaffold materials in Writing – original draft: Xue Zhang
peripheral nerve repair is still underway. Our next goal is to Writing – review & editing: Maling Gou, Xue Zhang,
work on the repair of peripheral nerve defect. We shall also Wenbi Wu
focus on the physicochemical and biological properties of
ASF-MA hydrogels to confirm the feasibility of ASF-MA as Ethics approval and consent to participate
a scaffold material for other tissue engineering applications
in different tissues and organs, such as skin, blood vessels, All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental
and kidneys. Animal Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of
Sichuan University (ethics approval number 2020370A)
5. Conclusion and conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care
and Use of Laboratory Animals.
We synthesized ASF-MA for photocured 3D bioprinting
by modifying ASF molecular chains chemically with Consent for publication
a preparation process and printing performance. The Not applicable.
compressive and tensile properties of ASF-MA hydrogel
Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 254 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.760

