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International Journal of Bioprinting A sturgeon cartilage extracellular matrix-derived bioactive bioink

(Figure 7A and B). The printed products by using the dSC- Author contributions
ECM-5 bioink combined with 3D printer, were incubated Conceptualization: Xiaolin Meng, Zheng Zhou, Hairong
with cell culture medium. Following 1 and 7 days of Liu
incubation, these encapsulated chondrocytes were alive Investigation: Xiaolin Meng, Xin Chen, Wenxiang Zhu,
and proliferated (Figure 7C and D). And the dSC-ECM-5 Shuai Zhu
bioink influenced the transcription of chondrogenesis- Methodology:Xiaolin Meng, Feng Ren
related genes in chondrocytes, which were encapsulated Software:Xin Chen, Feng Ren
in its solidified hydrogel. The dSC-ECM-5 hydrogel Supervision: Zheng Zhou, Hairong Liu
significantly elevated the mRNA level of SOX9 and Writing – original draft: Xiaolin Meng
improved COL II/COL I ratio, suggesting that it promotes Writing – review & editing: Zheng Zhou, Hairong Liu, Feng
the efficiency of cartilage regeneration and cartilage tissue Ren
maturation (Figure 8). To further confirm these in vitro
results, samples produced with the dSC-ECM-5 and SerMA Ethics approval and consent to participate
bioinks were, respectively, subcutaneous implanted into
nude mice for 4 weeks. In consist with the in vitro data, the The animal used has been reviewed and approved by
dSC-ECM-5 bioink significantly enhanced the efficiency of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
cartilage tissue regeneration and cartilage lacuna formation (IACUC), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South
compared with the SerMA bioink (Figure 9). In summary, University, China. The research ethics approval number
the dSC-ECM-derived bioink, the dSC-ECM-5 bioink, is 2022006.
can be potentially used for the cartilage tissue engineering
applications combined with 3D bioprinting approaches. Consent for publication
5. Conclusion Not applicable.
The dSC-ECM-derived bioink, the dSC-ECM-5 bioink, was Availability of data
fabricated by using dSC-ECMMA and SerMA. Solidified
dSC-ECM-5 bioink exhibited good biocompatibility, Not applicable.
reliable mechanical properties, and porous network,
which are all required for tissue engineering applications. References
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proper 3D bioprinter, printed products display high Bioprinting for the biologist. Cell, 184(1):18–32.
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bioink significantly enhanced the efficiency of cartilage 2. Spencer AR, Shirzaei Sani E, Soucy JR, et al., 2019,
regeneration and cartilage tissue maturation both in Bioprinting of a cell-laden conductive hydrogel composite.
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a promising bioink for 3D bioprinting applications and https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07353
potential applied for cartilage tissue engineering.
3. Chen N, Zhu K, Zhang YS, et al., 2019, Hydrogel bioink
Acknowledgments with multilayered interfaces improves dispersibility of
encapsulated cells in extrusion bioprinting.ACS Appl Mater
We thank Professor Rao Lang of Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Interfaces, 11(34):30585–30595.
for his support of the 3D printer.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b09782
Funding 4. Yang H, Yang KH, Narayan RJ, et al., 2021, Laser-based

The authors sincerely appreciate the supports of the bioprinting for multilayer cell patterning in tissue
engineering and cancer research. Essays Biochem, 65(3):
National Key Research and Development Program of 409–416.
China [grant no. 2018YFC1105800], the Natural Science
Foundation of Hunan Province [grant no. 2021JJ30095], https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20200093
and the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City 5. Moroni L, Burdick JA, Highley C, et al., 2018, Biofabrication
[grant no. kq2014040]. strategies for 3D in vitro models and regenerative medicine.
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Conflict of interest
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0006-y
The authors declare no competing interests.

Volume 9 Issue 5 (2023) 398 https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.768