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International Journal of Bioprinting Osteogenic, antibacterial CpTi-MgOCu implants

CpTi matrix, which is used as a coating on Ti6Al4V, Consent for publication
to strengthen the Ti-on-Ti interface so as to prevent
delamination failure. The in vivo studies demonstrated Not applicable.
superior osteogenic performance of CpTi-MgO and CpTi- Availability of data
MgO-Cu compositions. Histomorphometric evaluations
reveal 4× enhanced mineralized bone formation in CpTi- All raw data for this study has been presented in this
MgO (49.5 ± 11.5%) and 3.5× in CpTi-MgO-Cu (38.2 ± manuscript.
7.2%) in comparison to CpTi (12.1 ± 9.2%) at the bone–
implant interface. Additionally, 3 wt.% Cu addition did References
not result in cytotoxicity. Antibacterial studies using the
commonly occurring S. aureus strain revealed that the Cu 1. Liu X, Chu PK, Ding C, 2004, Surface modification
in CpTi-MgO-Cu composition had a bactericidal effect of of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for
81% at the end of 72 h timepoint. Therefore, CpTi-MgO- biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng R Rep, 47(3): 49–121.
Cu composition can be utilized as a multifaceted metal- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2004.11.001
ceramic coating on the bulk Ti6Al4V, which can serve as 2. Niinomi M, 2007, Recent research and development in
an ideal material for orthopedic implant applications to metallic materials for biomedical, dental and healthcare
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Acknowledgments J Mater Sci, 22(11): 3801–3811.

The authors would like to acknowledge the experimental https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01133326
support from Dr. Indranath Mitra, Mr. Aruntapan Dash, 4. Dong YP, Tang JC, Wang DW, et al., 2020, Additive
and Ms. Aditi Dahiya of Washington State University manufacturing of pure Ti with superior mechanical
(WSU). performance, low cost, and biocompatibility for potential
replacement of Ti-6Al-4V. Mater Des, 196(2020): 109142.
Funding https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109142
The research results reported in this publication were 5. Feng J, Wei D, Zhang P, et al., 2013, Preparation of TiNbTaZrMo
supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and high-entropy alloy with tunable Young’s modulus by selective
Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National laser melting. J Manuf Process, 85(2023): 160–165.
Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01 AR067306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.11.046
and R01 AR078241. The content is solely the responsibility
of the authors and does not necessarily represent the 6. Cui Y-W, Chen L-Y, Chu Y-H, et al., 2023, Metastable pitting
official views of the National Institutes of Health. corrosion behavior and characteristics of passive film of laser
powder bed fusion produced Ti–6Al–4V in NaCl solutions
Conflict of interest with different concentrations. Corros Sci, 126(2022): 111017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111017
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
7. Ciliveri S, Bandyopadhyay A, 2021, Influence of strut-size
Author contributions and cell-size variations on porous Ti6Al4V coated structures
for load-bearing implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater,
Conceptualization: Amit Bandyopadhyay 105023.
Formal analysis: Sushant Ciliveri, Amit Bandyopadhyay https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105023
Investigation: Sushant Ciliveri
Methodology: Sushant Ciliveri, Amit Bandyopadhyay 8. Ke D, Robertson SF, Dernell WS, et al., 2017, Effects of MgO
Writing – original draft: Sushant Ciliveri and SiO2 on plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating: An
Writing – review & editing: Amit Bandyopadhyay in vivo study in rat distal femoral defects. ACS Appl Mater
Interfaces, 9(31): 25731–25737.
Ethics approval and consent to participate https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05574
All animal studies have been conducted after receiving 9. Bandyopadhyay A, Bernard S, Xue W, et al., 2006, Calcium
necessary approval from the Institutional Animal Care and phosphate-based resorbable ceramics: Influence of MgO,
Use Committee (IACUC) of Washington State University ZnO, and SiO2 dopants. J Am Ceram Soc, 89(9): 2675–2688.
(WSU) under the protocol number ASAF #6816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01207.x

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