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International Journal of Bioprinting Fine collagen scaffold for osteogenesis

optimization have been relatively limited, presumably due The authors declare no competing interests.
to material processing constraints and insufficient scaffold
resolution to promote osteogenic differentiation. While Author contributions
14
growth factors can be effective, their use often introduces Conceptualization: Hanxiao Huang
added cost, complexity in formulation and release control, Funding acquisition: Cailiang Shen
and potential safety concerns, all of which pose challenges Investigation: Kaixuan Li, Hanxiao Huang, Peng Ge
for clinical translation. Our results demonstrate that by Methodology: Kaixuan Li, Hanxiao Huang
90
achieving a high printing resolution with a collagen I-based Formal analysis: Kaixuan Li
scaffold, it is possible to promote both cell proliferation Writing–original draft: Kaixuan Li, Hanxiao Huang
and osteogenic differentiation without relying on external Writing–review & editing: Kaixuan Li, Cailiang Shen
biochemical agents. This presents a more straightforward
and potentially more clinically translatable approach. We Ethics approval and consent to participate
believe this study will inspire further exploration into the
role of scaffold’s structural characteristics in promoting All animal work involved in this study was approved by
bone tissue regeneration. Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical
University (Approval no.: LLSC20250455).
5. Conclusion
In this study, we successfully addressed the limited Consent for publication
printability of collagen I-based hydrogels by Not applicable.
incorporating a Shiff-base interaction, enabling
the fabrication of high-resolution scaffolds with Availability of data
rod diameters and pore sizes below 200 μm. This Data is available from the corresponding author upon
improved printing resolution was primarily attributed reasonable request.
to an enhanced linear rheological characteristic of the
hydrogel ink, rather than an increase in viscosity. We References
also identified an optimal combination of pore size
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Acknowledgments doi: 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00343-0
The authors would like to thank the Center for Scientific 4. Ruoslahti E, Pierschbacher MD. New perspectives
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1987;238(4826):491-497
assistance in the experiments.
doi: 10.1126/science.2821619.
Funding 5. Kim NR, Lee DH, Chung P-H, Yang H-C. Distinct
differentiation properties of human dental pulp cells on
This work was supported by the National Natural Science collagen, gelatin, and chitosan scaffolds. Oral Surg Oral Med
Foundation of China (82272551), Hefei Comprehensive Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108(5):e94-e100.
National Science Center Institute of Health and Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.07.031.
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Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 237 doi: 10.36922/IJB025140116