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Advanced frequency control strategy for power systems with high renewable energy penetration
system, the proposed BESS control method fully Conflict of interest
satisfies the power system’s flexibility require-
The authors declare they have no competing in-
ments under various conditions and outperforms
the CBEST method. 41 Furthermore, this control terests.
algorithm enables the BESS to participate in both
Author contributions
primary and secondary frequency control, thereby
enhancing the stability and efficiency of the power Conceptualization: Le Van Dai, Le Cao Quyen
system. Formal analysis: Tran Viet Thanh, Nguyen Huu
Hieu
5. Conclusion Investigation: Tran Viet Thanh, Le Van Dai, Le

This paper proposed a control method for the Cao Quyen
BESS to support frequency regulation in power Methodology: Tran Viet Thanh, Le Van Dai, Le
systems with a high penetration of RESs. The Cao Quyen
study analyzed the theoretical foundation of fre- Writing – original draft: Tran Viet Thanh, Le
quency response in power systems from the gov- Cao Quyen
Writing – review & editing: Le Van Dai, Dinh
ernance of generators while considering the im-
Thanh Viet
pact of connected RESs. Based on this analysis,
a frequency regulation strategy for the BESS was Availability of data
designed to limit the maximum frequency devia-
tion and improve the maximum RoCoF. The pro- All data analyzed and generated have been in-
posed strategy was implemented using a direct- cluded in the manuscript.
current vector control method within a nested-
loop control structure. The structure integrates AI tools statement
controllers for frequency, voltage, reactive and ac- All authors confirm that no AI tools were used in
tive powers, SOC, and d- and q-axis currents. the preparation of this manuscript.
These controllers collaboratively generated a si-
nusoidal reference signal for the PWM scheme of Further disclosure
the DC/AC converter, ensuring precise and effec-
tive frequency regulation. The paper has been uploaded to a
The effectiveness of the proposed method was preprint server and can be accessed at
validated on the IEEE 39-bus standard system. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6172264/v1.
Simulations were conducted to compare the pro-
posed BESS model with the conventional CBEST References
model in PSS/E under two scenarios: a sudden 1. Tekbıyık-Ersoy N. Modeling the renewable energy
loss of generating capacity and a sharp decrease development in T¨urkiye with optimization. Int
in renewable energy output. The results demon- J Optimiz Control: Theor Appl. 2025;15(1):135-
strated the proposed algorithm’s ability to effec- 152.
tively manage the SOC of the BESS, stabilizing https://doi.org/10.36922/ijocta.1664
system frequency during oscillatory events. Fur- 2. Teng F, Mu Y, Jia H, Wu J, Zeng P, Strbac G.
thermore, the new model exhibited superior per- Challenges on primary frequency control and po-
tential solution from EVs in the future GB elec-
formance in terms of rapid response to distur-
tricity system. Appl Energy. 2017;194:353-362.
bances, deep charging and discharging capabili-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.123
ties, and timely frequency control compared to
3. Teng F, Aunedi M, Pudjianto D, Strbac G. Ben-
the widely used CBEST model.
efits of demand-side response in providing fre-
quency response service in the future GB power
Acknowledgments
system. Front Energy Res. 2015;3:36.
The authors thank the Research and Develop- https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2015.00036
ment Center of Power Engineering Consulting 4. Ippolito MG, Musca R, Zizzo G. Analysis and
Joint Stock Company 4 (PECC4), Vietnam, for simulations of the primary frequency control dur-
supporting this study. The authors also appre- ing a system split in continental Europe power
system. Energies. 2021;14(5):1456.
ciate the support of the Electric Power System
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051456
Research Group, Industrial University of Ho Chi
5. Alqahtani S, Shaher A, Garada A, Cipcigan L.
Minh City, Vietnam.
Impact of the high penetration of renewable en-
ergy sources on the frequency stability of the
Funding
Saudi Grid. Electronics. 2023;12(6):1470.
None. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061470
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