Page 110 - IJPS-11-4

International Journal of
Population Studies Intergenerational transfers in Malaysia

Table 1. Distribution of respondents with living children Table 1. (Continued)
Variables n Percentage Variables n Percentage
Age RM 1,001 – RM 1,999 1,167 22.6
40 – 49 years 1,276 24.6 RM 2,000 – RM 2,999 483 9.3
50 – 59 years 1,699 32.8 More than RM 3,000 583 11.3
60 – 69 years 1,339 27.0 Received government financial assistance
70 – 79 years 666 12.8 No 4,345 77.4
80 years and above 147 2.8 Yes 836 14.9
Gender Taking care of grandchildren
Male 2,956 57.0 No 4,651 82.9
Female 2,232 43.0 Yes 960 17.1
Ethnic groups Helping with household chores
Malay 2,964 57.1 No 4,504 80.3
Chinese 524 10.1 Yes 1,107 19.7
Indian & Others 544 10.5
Bumiputera (Sabah and Sarawak) 1,156 22.3 higher education level, had a spouse, currently working,
Education level earning a higher income, in better health status, as well
No schooling 675 13.0 as received financial assistance from the government.
Primary 1,503 29.0 Similarly, those providing financial support to both of their
Lower secondary 1,079 20.8 children and parents is higher among respondents who are
Upper secondary 1,331 25.7 younger, Malay, with tertiary education, had a spouse, had
more living parents, currently working, received higher
Tertiary 1600 11.6 income, are healthier, not receiving government financial
Marital status assistance, took care of their grandchildren and helped
With spouse 4,213 81.2 their children with household chores.
Without spouse 975 18.8 In the opposite direction, the proportion of respondents
Living with children who did not receive any financial transfers from their
No 1,115 22.7 children or parents is higher among respondents who are
Yes 3,854 77.6 males, younger, Bumiputera (Sabah and Sarawak), had a
Current employment status higher level of education and income, had a spouse, had
Not working due to labor market reasons 235 4.5 more living parents, are currently working, healthier, as
well as those who had received financial assistance from
Retired 1,004 19.4 the government. However, the percentage of respondents
Homemaker 1,962 38.0 who received financial support from children only is
Currently working 1,968 38.1 prevalent among respondents who are female, older,
Self-reported health status Malay, had a lower level of education and income, had
Poor 612 11.8 a spouse, had more children, had retired, had poorer
Moderate 1,956 37.8 health status, and did not receive any financial assistance
Good 2,612 50.4 from the government. On the other hand, those who
reported having received financial transfers from both
Number of living children children and parents are observed to be higher among
1 – 3 children 2,262 43.6 respondents who are female, younger, Malay, and had a
4 – 6 children 2,276 43.9 spouse.
7 – 9 children 531 10.2
More than 10 children 119 2.3 3.3. Multiple regression analysis
Income class 3.3.1. Financial transfers between respondents and
No income 1,449 28.0 children
Less than RM 1,000 1,485 28.7 All variables were found to be statistically significant in
(Cont'd...) determining the total amount of financial transfers given

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 104 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.1326