Page 113 - IJPS-11-4

International Journal of
Population Studies Intergenerational transfers in Malaysia

Table 4. (Continued)
Variables Given to (%) χ 2
None Children only Parents only Both
Retired 68.8 27.4 1.3 2.5
Homemakers 64.6 30.7 1.9 2.8
Monthly income 456.511 c
<RM 1,000 63.1 32.4 1.5 3.0
RM 1,001 – RM 1,999 44.0 48.1 2.0 5.9
RM 2,000 – RM 2,999 42.6 44.3 2.7 10.4
RM 3,000 and above 28.7 47.7 5.3 18.2
Health status 140.853 c
Good 46.1 42.9 3.0 8.0
Moderate 57.7 36.3 1.4 4.6
Poor 67.6 29.1 1.0 2.3
Received government financial assistance 30.990 c
No 53.1 37.9 2.5 6.5
Yes 52.9 43.3 0.4 3.5
Taking care of grandchildren 2.124
No 52.8 39.0 2.2 5.9
Yes 54.0 37.4 1.8 6.8
Helping with household chores 6.879 a
No 52.9 39.2 2.2 5.7
Yes 53.6 36.9 1.9 7.7
Note: p<0.10, p<0.05, p<0.01.
c
a
b
Indian and Others respondents provided 16.6% more children also decreases as health deteriorates, although
financial transfers to their children than Malay. However, it is not statistically significant. Surprisingly, our findings
other ethnic groups, Chinese and Bumiputera (Sabah and revealed respondents with moderate or poor health
Sarawak) are not statistically significant in the analysis. received less financial support from their children,
Meanwhile, Chinese, Indian, and Others respondents compared to respondents in good health.
were found to receive 63.2% and 25.3%, respectively, more Respondents with more than seven children gave the
financial transfers from their children.
highest, at 27.7% more financial transfers compared to
The amount given to children was also found to be respondents who had between one to three children.
increasing with the level of education of the respondents. Similarly, in the opposite direction, the amount of financial
Against those with no schooling experience, respondents transfers received from children increased with the number
with tertiary education provided the highest financial of children.
transfers to their children (91.4%). However, respondents Respondents earning higher income were observed to
with a lower level of education received fewer financial provide more financial support amount to their children.
transfers amount from their children. Those with no Respondents with an income of more than RM 3,000 gave
schooling experience received 58.5% lesser financial the highest financial transfers to their children (85.8%).
support from their children, compared to respondents However, it is observed that respondents earning low
with a tertiary education. income tend to receive lower financial support from their
Expectedly, respondents who were working gave 11.7% children compared to respondents with higher income.
more financial transfers amount to their children. On Respondents who earned less than RM 1,000 received
the contrary, those who have retired or as homemakers 22.4% lesser financial transfers from their children.
received 26.8% and 42.4%, respectively, more financial Respondents who received financial assistance from the
transfers from their children compared to working government were found to receive lesser financial support
respondents. The amount of financial transfers given to from their children.

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 107 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.1326