Page 112 - IJPS-11-4

International Journal of
Population Studies Intergenerational transfers in Malaysia

Table 4. Bivariate analysis (giving financial transfers)
Variables Given to (%) χ 2
None Children only Parents only Both
Gender 7.927 b
Male 54.6 37.2 2.2 6.0
Female 50.9 40.9 2.1 6.1
Age groups 730.309 c
40 – 49 years old 31.0 52.6 3.0 13.4
50 – 59 years old 42.6 49.1 2.8 5.4
60 – 69 years old 70.2 26.1 1.4 2.3
70 years old and above 79.8 17.4 0.6 2.2
Ethnic groups 250.492 c
Malay 47.1 41.5 2.7 8.7
Chinese 70.1 23.0 3.3 3.6
Indian & Others 60.9 30.1 2.6 6.4
Bumiputera (Sabah and Sarawak) 56.8 43.1 0.1 0.1
Education level 651.309 c
No schooling 79.8 19.4 0.3 0.6
Primary school 64.8 31.7 1.4 2.1
Lower secondary school 50.1 43.3 1.6 4.9
Upper secondary school 38.6 49.1 3.5 8.9
Tertiary education 30.4 47.5 4.2 17.9
Marital status 188.427 c
Without spouse 72.5 24.4 1.0 2.1
With spouse 48.5 42.1 2.4 7.0
Number of living children 28.760 c
1 – 3 54.8 36.4 2.5 6.3
4 – 6 50.5 40.7 2.1 6.6
7 and above 55.8 40.2 0.9 3.0
Number of living parents 1038.991 c
0 70.1 29.9
1 39.8 45.8 5.0 9.3
2 28.0 52.4 4.7 14.8
3 23.3 54.0 2.5 20.2
4 25.9 45.7 3.7 24.7
Living with children 2.486
Yes 54.2 38.5 2.2 5.1
No 52.9 38.5 2.2 6.4
Living with parents 1.879
Yes 53.5 38.3 2.1 6.0
No 50.9 39.9 2.3 6.9
Employment status 611.100 c
Working now 31.9 53.8 2.9 11.4
Not working due to labor market reasons 64.7 29.4 1.7 4.3
(Cont'd...)

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 106 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.1326