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Innovative Medicines & Omics Antioxidant nanomedicines for therapies

Although various antioxidant nanomedicines have in pneumonia characteristic of lethal hyperinflammation
been developed for acute kidney injury treatment, but and cytokine storm syndrome, which is life-threatening.
294
antioxidant therapy for chronic kidney disease is still in its For example, the seasonal influenza virus-triggered
early stage (Table 4). pneumonia leads to 290,000 – 650,000 deaths worldwide
each year. The treatment of this disease requires not
295
7. Lung disease treatment only the scavenging of excessive ROS in the lungs to
Respiratory system enables the gas exchange of living suppress hyperinflammation, but also the eradication of
organism with external environment, through the pathogens to inhibit recurrence. Antioxidant molecules
functioning of respiratory tract and lung. Oxidative stress such as N-acetylcysteine have been used for alleviating
is involved in the progression of various lung diseases, inflammation, but suffer from poor bioavailability and low
such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. 292,293 efficacy. 17
To treat these diseases, antioxidative nanomedicines are Early efforts have also been devoted in fabricating
often administered through the respiratory tract to enter antioxidant nanomedicines to mitigate oxidative injury in the
the pulmonary region directly. lung. Hood et al. constructed a self-assembled nanocarrier
to load catalase or SOD, capable of alleviating leukocyte
7.1. Pneumonia treatment infiltration and pulmonary edema in a mouse model of
Given the direct exposure to external environment, lung is endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. Huang et al.
296
vulnerable to infections by viruses and bacteria, resulting prepared a polydopamine-coated selenium nanocatalyst,

Figure 19. Schematic illustration for the hemodialysis of patients with chronic kidney disease, and protective effect of metal-phenolic network against
oxidative stress. Reproduced with permission from Wei et al. Copyright © 2022, American Chemical Society.
291

Table 4. Summary of representative antioxidant nanomedicines for the treatment of kidney diseases
Antioxidant nanomedicine Reaction type Disease References
DNA origami nanostructure Non-catalytic Acute kidney injury 268
Black phosphorus nanosheet Non-catalytic Acute kidney injury 269
Hydrogen-terminated germanene nanosheet Non-catalytic Acute kidney injury 270
CeO nanoparticle Catalytic Acute kidney injury 271
2
Mn O nanoparticle Catalytic Acute kidney injury 272, 274
3 4
POM nanoparticle Catalytic Acute kidney injury 273
Calcium hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle Catalytic Acute kidney injury 281
Mn O nanoparticle Catalytic Chronic kidney disease 288
3 4
Tannic acid-Cu network Catalytic Chronic kidney disease 291
Abbreviation: POM: Polyoxometalate

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 24 doi: 10.36922/imo.2527