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Microbes & Immunity The feature of bladder cancer stem cells

for 67LR /CK17 /CEACAM6 cells from the human BC lines was determined to be 7.4 ± 1.6%. Nude mouse
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cell line SW780 and BC samples. Through experiments xenotransplantation experiments demonstrated that
conducted in mouse models, they demonstrated that these ALDH1A1 BC cells exhibited 100 times tumorigenic
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cells exhibited 5 – 10 times greater tumorigenic potential potential compared to ALDH1A1 BC cells. Suppression
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compared to the remaining cells. In summary, these of ALDH1A1 expression remarkably decreased the
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findings support the use of 67LR /CK17 /CEACAM6 as tumorigenicity of BCSCs. Moreover, ALDH1A1 BC cells
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biomarkers for the isolation and identification of BCSCs. were capable of continuous passage and transplantation in
vivo, differentiating into heterogeneous cell populations. 31
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3.2.3. BCMab1 /CD44 +
3.2.6. OV6
Our group has successfully screened a highly specific
monoclonal antibody called BCMab1 using the hybridoma The epithelial marker OV6 has been identified as a potential
technique. BCMab1 specifically targets aberrantly marker for TSCs in various epithelial malignancies, such
glycosylated integrin α3β1 on BC, whose expression levels as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular
were found to be positively correlated with the pathological carcinoma, with extensive exploration of its role in
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stage and grade of BC. Through co-expression with CD44, hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, OV6 has
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our group isolated BCMab1 CD44 BCSCs from patient emerged as a new prognostic marker of colorectal cancer.
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BC samples, with the proportion of these BCSCs ranging Recent studies have indicated high expression of OV6 in
from 3 – 5% of total cells. Subsequently, when these BC BC patient samples, with OV6 expression levels positively
cell subtypes were injected subcutaneously into non-obese correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis.
diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/ Researchers led by Kai-Jian Wang from the Second
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SCID) mice, it was observed that 10 BCMab1 CD44 cells Military Medical University investigated the relationship
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exhibited tumorigenic ability, while BCMab1 CD44 cells between OV6 and BCSCs. Initially, flow cytometry
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required at least 1×10 cells to form tumors. These revealed OV6 expression in 2.63% of UMUC-3 and 3.23%
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findings demonstrate that BCMab1 CD44 BC cells possess of J82 cells. In single-cell sphere formation assays, OV6 BC
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tumorigenic capability, confirming their characteristic cells formed 100 – 150 spheroids, whereas OV6 cells formed
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features as BCSCs. fewer than 50, suggesting a stronger self-renewal capacity
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3.2.4. CD90 /CK14 + in OV6 cells. Through gradient dilution transplantation
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experiments, they found that the estimated tumorigenic
CD90, also known as Thy-1, is a 25 – 37 kDa efficiency of OV6 cells derived from UMUC-3 was 1 in
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glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein 14,378, whereas the estimated tumorigenic efficiency of
expressed in various cell types, including hematopoietic OV6 cells was 1 in 199,834. In the case of J82-derived cells,
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stem cells, activated microvascular endothelial cells, and the estimated tumorigenic efficiency of OV6 cells was 1
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fibroblasts. It plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, and in 27,195, whereas the estimated tumorigenic efficiency of
fibrosis. Volkmer et al. at Stanford University discovered OV6 cells was 1 in 199,834. These findings indicated that
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that CK14 BC cells exhibited high expression of CD90. OV6 cells exhibited a significantly higher tumorigenic
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The experimental results using mouse models revealed potential compared to OV6 cells.
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that CD90 CK14 BC cells demonstrated 17 times greater Subsequently, OV6 CD44 , OV6 CD44 , and
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tumorigenic potential compared to CD90 CK14 BC cells. OV6 CD44 cells were isolated from UMUC-3 cells and
low
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This evidence indicates that CD90 CK14 cells possess the subjected to experiments involving mouse models. The
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characteristic features of BCSCs. 53
absence of CD44 reduced the estimated tumorigenic
3.2.5. ALDH1A1 efficiency from 1 in 10,605 to 1 in 17,966. Similarly, in the
two groups of CD44 cells, the absence of OV6 reduced
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Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 belongs to the ALDH the estimated tumorigenic efficiency from 1 in 10,605 to
superfamily and plays a role in the differentiation and 1 in 97,286. Clearly, compared to CD44, the expression
gene expression of various tissues. Moreover, ALDH1 is or absence of OV6 exerted a greater impact on the
essential for the growth and differentiation of adult tissue tumorigenic capability of BC cells. Therefore, OV6 cells
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stem cells and TSCs. It is currently a hot topic in the study potentially represent a subset of BCSC.
of TSC markers, especially as a marker for breast TSCs. 54
Su et al. used ALDEFLUOR and flow-activated 3.2.7. Side population cells
cytometry to isolate ALDH1A1 cells from three In 1996, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of
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human BC cell lines (HTB-2, HTB-4, and HTB-9). Technology (MIT), led by Goodell et al., conducted flow
The average percentage of this subset in the three cell cytometric analysis by staining cells with the DNA dye
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 30 doi: 10.36922/mi.2377