Page 71 - MI-1-2

Microbes & Immunity Viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases

Kogi State, Nigeria, who observed a 47% prevalence of
% Prev. 12.3 15 15 15 10 typhoid infection. The variation in the results could be
Urinary tract infections No. (+ve) 22 18 12 6 60 attributed to differences in the environmental conditions
of the studied populations, such as poor hygiene that
leads to fecal contamination and a lack of access to
No. screened 180 37.5 120 80 40 600 clean drinking water, as previously observed. Evidence
23
from this study indicates that the community is highly
vulnerable to typhoid infection disease, principally due to
High vaginal swab % No. Prev. (+ve) 30 60 6 44 22 60 12 45 90 contamination of the source of water to the community
(River Arun in Idanre), which could lead to the infection
of other individuals and deaths of the infected ones.
screened
The HBV infection rate of 20% in this study is, however,
No.
200
10
80
20
50
higher than the 3.5 – 8.0% reported among HIV-positive
patients in Kogi State 26,27 and the 7.5% reported by Okolo and
Prev.
7.5
6.3
28
Omatola, among apparently healthy individuals in North
%
8
Helicobacter pylori No. (+ve) 2 3 8 6 20 Central Nigeria. Furthermore, the infection rate of 20%
5
5
reported for HBsAg in this study is lower than the findings of
Mbaawuaga et al., who observed 30% of HBV positivity in
29
screened
Lagos, Southern Nigeria. The differences in this study could
No.
100
300
40
60
80
be attributed to differences in population selection. People
29
with this infection should be treated effectively to prevent
Prev.
26.7
10
%
20
20
30
further spread of HBsAg infection, which may lead to serious
Hepatitis B surface antigen No. No. (+ve) screened 10 100 16 60 20 100 18 60 80 400 short- and long-term health implications for the populace.
Table 8. Distribution of infectious diseases based on parturition in Ore, Ondo State, Nigeria
The high H. pylori infection rate of 6.3% observed in
this study may be because of the unavailability of safe and
treated drinking water in Ore, Ondo State. 45% of HVS
et al. who observed 48.50% among women of reproductive
30
% Prev. 31.3 40 37.5 37.5 37.5 in this study is comparable with the findings of Aggarwal
age in rural areas of Haryana, India. Our prevalence rate
31
Typhoid No. (+ve) 25 40 30 15 150 is far lower than the 78% positivity rate earlier reported.
The variation in prevalence rates could be explained by
No. screened 80 100 80 40 400 the behavioral and host factors differences in the different
populations sampled. As previously observed, Roberta
et al. reported that the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis
32
% Prev. 53.4 55 57.2 60 35 increased significantly in patients who practiced regular
douching. This finding corroborates the results from this
Malaria No. (+ve) 160 220 160 120 700 study, in which participants who were douched with either
water or antiseptics/soaps to ease the symptoms associated
No. screened 300 400 280 200 2,000 with bacterial vaginosis showed a high predisposition to
H. pylori infection. According to Lawrence et al., the
31
presence of vaginal microbial flora, including members
of the Lactobacilli family, helps maintain the pH of the
immunodeficiency % No. Prev. (+ve) 44.5 80 35.8 100 42.5 85 58.4 70 40 400 vagina and further prevents the overgrowth of potential
Human virus No. screened 180 280 200 120 1,000 Note: One-way analysis of variance: P=0.00. healthcare education for women of reproductive ages,
pathogens. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive
including the use of barrier methods and routine checks of
their vaginal health for early detection of HVS.
The UTI infection rate of 10% in this study is in
Parturition 1–2 3–4 5–6 >7 Total Abbreviation: Prev.: Prevalence. agreement with the findings of Kaye and Sobel, who
33
showed that 10% of women in the US manifest with
one or more episodes of symptomatic UTIs each year.
Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 65 doi: 10.36922/mi.3283