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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing                             Characterization of TPMS structures


               compressive load, shear failure occurred at an incline   sized dimples, exhibiting a mixed ductile and brittle
               angle of approximately 30° between the shear cracking   failure mode.
               propagation path and the compressive loading
               direction (as shown in Figure 13, points 3 – 5).  Acknowledgments
            (iii) Densification stage. Unfortunately, the samples   The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation
               slipped and fractured, and thus loading was not   to Mr. He Junjie, PhD candidate, from Tokyo University of
               continued.  Figure  13,  point  6,  presents  the  final   Agriculture and Technology for his support on the analysis
               fractured Schwarz-P structure.  Figure 14 shows the   of the microstructure.
               morphologies of the fracture surface of sample A0.6
               after the static compression test. Some partially melted   Funding
               powder particles are attached to the surface and some   None.
               unmelted powder particles are locked in the cavities.
               The fractured surface consists of a mixture of smooth   Conflict of interest
               planes and micro-sized dimples, thus exhibiting a
               mixed ductile and brittle failure mode.         The authors declare that they have no known competing
                                                               financial interests or personal relationships that could have
            4. Conclusions                                     appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

            In this study, Schwarz-P cellular structures with unit   Author contributions
            sizes ranging from 1  mm to 5  mm and shape control
            factors ranging from 0 to 0.8 obtained using a toolpath-  Conceptualization: Shujie Tan, Yicha Zhang
            based construction design were fabricated by LPBF using   Formal analysis: Ziyu Wang
            Ti6Al4V  powder. The macrostructure, microstructure,   Funding acquisition: Liping Ding
                                                               Investigation: Shujie Tan, Xi Zhang
            and compression performance of these structures were   Methodology: Shujie Tan, Liping Ding, Yicha Zhang
            investigated. The main findings are summarized as follows:  Project administration: Wenliang Chen
            (i)  The size of the open pores decreased as the shape   Visualization: Xi Zhang
               control factor increased and increased as the unit   Writing – original draft: Shujie Tan, Xi Zhang
               size increased, which is consistent with the designs.   Writing – review & editing: Yicha Zhang
               However, when the unit size was 1 mm and the shape
               control factor was >0.4, the open pores became closed   References
               cavities, locking in unmelted powder particles. Similar
               to the conventional design, partially melted powder   1.   Maconachie T, Leary M, Lozanovski B,  et al., 2019, SLM
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                                                      s
                                                    p
                                                         p
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                            1.76
                 s
                        p
                           s
               consisted of a mixture of smooth planes and micro-     https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0850-3
            Volume 1 Issue 3 (2022)                         11                     http://doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i3.17
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