Page 62 - MSAM-1-3
P. 62
Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Characterization of TPMS structures
compressive load, shear failure occurred at an incline sized dimples, exhibiting a mixed ductile and brittle
angle of approximately 30° between the shear cracking failure mode.
propagation path and the compressive loading
direction (as shown in Figure 13, points 3 – 5). Acknowledgments
(iii) Densification stage. Unfortunately, the samples The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation
slipped and fractured, and thus loading was not to Mr. He Junjie, PhD candidate, from Tokyo University of
continued. Figure 13, point 6, presents the final Agriculture and Technology for his support on the analysis
fractured Schwarz-P structure. Figure 14 shows the of the microstructure.
morphologies of the fracture surface of sample A0.6
after the static compression test. Some partially melted Funding
powder particles are attached to the surface and some None.
unmelted powder particles are locked in the cavities.
The fractured surface consists of a mixture of smooth Conflict of interest
planes and micro-sized dimples, thus exhibiting a
mixed ductile and brittle failure mode. The authors declare that they have no known competing
financial interests or personal relationships that could have
4. Conclusions appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
In this study, Schwarz-P cellular structures with unit Author contributions
sizes ranging from 1 mm to 5 mm and shape control
factors ranging from 0 to 0.8 obtained using a toolpath- Conceptualization: Shujie Tan, Yicha Zhang
based construction design were fabricated by LPBF using Formal analysis: Ziyu Wang
Ti6Al4V powder. The macrostructure, microstructure, Funding acquisition: Liping Ding
Investigation: Shujie Tan, Xi Zhang
and compression performance of these structures were Methodology: Shujie Tan, Liping Ding, Yicha Zhang
investigated. The main findings are summarized as follows: Project administration: Wenliang Chen
(i) The size of the open pores decreased as the shape Visualization: Xi Zhang
control factor increased and increased as the unit Writing – original draft: Shujie Tan, Xi Zhang
size increased, which is consistent with the designs. Writing – review & editing: Yicha Zhang
However, when the unit size was 1 mm and the shape
control factor was >0.4, the open pores became closed References
cavities, locking in unmelted powder particles. Similar
to the conventional design, partially melted powder 1. Maconachie T, Leary M, Lozanovski B, et al., 2019, SLM
lattice structures: Properties, performance, applications and
particles attached to the surface of the Schwarz-P challenges. Mater Design, 183: 108137.
structures were found.
(ii) Except for structures with closed cavities, the relative https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108137
densities of the Schwarz-P structures calculated using 2. McGregor M, Patel S, McLachlin S, et al., 2021, Architectural
the toolpath and the melt track width were consistent bone parameters and the relationship to titanium lattice
with the measured values. When excluding the design for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Addit
influence of unmelted and partially melted powder Manuf, 47: 102273.
particles, the calculated relative density was more https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102273
suitable for the prediction of mechanical properties. 3. Feng J, Fu J, Yao X, et al., 2022, Triply periodic minimal
(iii) The EBSD maps indicated that the original β grains surface (TPMS) porous structures: From multi-scale
and acicular α' phase within each β grain together design, precise additive manufacturing to multidisciplinary
constituted the microstructure of the Ti6Al4V applications. Int J Extrem Manuf, 4: 022001.
Schwarz-P structure, as reported in the literature; 4. Du Plessis A, Broeckhoven C, Yadroitsava I, et al., 2019,
however, the original β grains in this study were Beautiful and functional: A review of biomimetic design in
smaller, and the orientation of the original β grains in additive manufacturing. Addit Manuf, 27: 408–427.
the side surface was irregular.
(iv) The relative elastic modulus of the Schwarz-P structure https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.033
can be expressed by the Gibson-Ashby model as a 5. Pham MS, Liu C, Todd I, et al., 2019, Damage-tolerant
function of the theoretical relative density ρ /ρ : E / architected materials inspired by crystal microstructure.
s
p
p
E = 0.31(ρ /ρ ) . In addition, the fractured surface Nature, 565: 305–311.
1.76
s
p
s
consisted of a mixture of smooth planes and micro- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0850-3
Volume 1 Issue 3 (2022) 11 http://doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i3.17

