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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing SLA 3D printed triaxial nozzle

IIFK peptide bioink was performed. Endothelial cells Methodology: Hamed I. Albalawi, Dana M. Alhattab, Aris
and the vasculature are essential constituents of every P. Konstantinidis, Yousef Altayeb
tissue, and having a bioprinting system that maintains Writing – original draft: Hamed I. Albalawi, Aris P.
the viability and functionality of these cells is crucial for Konstantinidis, Dana M. Alhattab, Khadija B. Shirazi,
tissue engineering applications [38,39] . In this regard, cell Yousef Altayeb
viability was observed at days 5 and 10 post-printing Writing – review & editing: Dana M. Alhattab, KS, Charlotte
using Live/Dead assay (Figure 5A). The results revealed a A. E. Hauser
high percent of cell viability at all measured time points,
indicating the peptide bioink’s cytocompatibility and Ethics approval and consent to participate
nozzle design’s suitability toward more delicate cell types. Not applicable.
Importantly, cytoskeleton staining of endothelial cell-laden
constructs at day 12 post-printing revealed interesting Consent for publication
results. Endothelial cells within the printed scaffold Not applicable.
demonstrated morphological changes into elongated cells
with cell-cell connections and interactions, indicating Availability of data
the establishment of cell differentiation and proliferation
processes (Figure 5B). In addition, alignments of Raw data can be shared with the readers by contacting the
endothelial cells forming tube-like structures were found corresponding author.
in different areas in the printed scaffolds (Figure 5B). References
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bioink extrusion is proposed. The nozzle design integrates
three Luer-Lok-compatible inlets and an outlet within https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183101
the printed body, eliminating the need for manual 2. Mirzaali MJ, Moosabeiki V, Rajaai SM, et al., 2022, Additive
assembly and improving the fabrication consistency and manufacturing of biomaterials-design principles and their
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Acknowledgments 4. Prashar G, Vasudev H, Bhuddhi D, 2022, Additive
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4.0. Int J Interact Des Manuf (IJIDeM), 6:1–15.
core laboratories for confocal microscopy use.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-00956-4
Funding
5. Jiang Z, Diggle B, Tan ML, et al., 2020, Extrusion 3D printing
This work was financially supported by King Abdullah of polymeric materials with advanced properties. Adv Sci
University of Science and Technology under the KAUST- (Weinh), 7: 2001379.
Smart Health Initiative (project number: REI/1/4938). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001379
Conflict of interest 6. Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, et al., 2017, Polymers for 3D
printing and customized additive manufacturing. Chem
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Author contributions https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074
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Conceptualization: Hamed I. Albalawi, Aris P. Konstantinidis, catalysis. Chemistry, 25: 10033–10044.
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Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 10 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.1786