Page 33 - MSAM-3-2

Materials Science in

Additive Manufacturing

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
The role of graded layers in interfacial

characteristics and mechanical properties of
Ti6Al4V/AlMgScZr-graded multi-material parts

fabricated using laser powder bed fusion

Guangjing Huang , Dongdong Gu* , Hong Liu , Kaijie Lin , Rui Wang ,
and He Sun

Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-
Performance Metallic Components, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University
of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Abstract
Graded multi-material parts achieve a compositionally graded transition between
two different materials, mitigating undesirable consequences such as cracking and
delamination due to property mismatch and significantly improving the comprehensive
performance of parts. In this study, the Ti6Al4V/AlMgScZr-graded multi-material parts
were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion technology, introducing a composition-
graded layer with 25 wt.% Ti6Al4V and 75 wt.% AlMgScZr at the interface to reduce the
mismatch between the two materials. The effect of the graded layer’s laser scanning
*Corresponding author: speed on the densification behavior, microstructure evolution, and mechanical
Dongdong Gu
(dongdonggu@nuaa.edu.cn) properties of the Ti6Al4V/AlMgScZr-graded multi-material parts was investigated. It
was revealed that the crack area at the interface reduced from 0.325 to 0.067 mm as
2
Citation: Huang G, Gu D, Liu
H, Lin K, Wang R, Sun H, 2024, the scanning speed increased from 2400 to 2800 mm/s and then increased to 0.161
2
The role of graded layers in mm at 3000 mm/s. A smooth, continuous-graded layer with good metallurgical
interfacial characteristics and bonding was fabricated at 2800 mm/s. The TiAl intermetallic compound was formed
mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V/ 3
AlMgScZr-graded multi-material at the interface and underwent a transition from rod-like to coarse dendritic and finally
parts fabricated using laser powder to finer dendritic structure along the building direction. The Ti6Al4V/AlMgScZr-graded
bed fusion. Mater Sci Add Manuf. multi-material parts exhibited a graded decrease in microhardness from 374 HV
2024;3(2):3088. 0.2
doi: 10.36922/msam.3088 on the Ti6Al4V side to 122 HV on the AlMgScZr side, and an excellent compressive
0.2
strength of 1531 MPa was obtained at the optimal parameter of 2800 mm/s.
Received: March 5, 2024
Accepted: April 17, 2024
Keywords: Laser powder bed fusion; Graded multi-material parts; Interface; Intermetallic
Published Online: May 10, 2024 compound
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 1. Introduction
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is Graded multi-material parts consist of at least two different materials in the three-
1
properly cited. dimensional (3D) space. By integrating the exceptional properties of various materials,
Publisher’s Note: AccScience multi-material parts can overcome the limitations of single-material parts and
Publishing remains neutral with thus effectively fulfill the functional and performance requirements of engineering
regard to jurisdictional claims in 2,3
published maps and institutional applications. For instance, in the construction of aircraft wings, connections between
affiliations. Ti alloy longeron components and Al alloy rudder connectors are typically achieved

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/msam.3088