Page 47 - OR-1-3

disorders-the history and future of a diagnostic concept . 44. Amin ND, Kelley KW, Kaganovsky K, et al. Generating
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2020;22(1):65-72. human neural diversity with a multiplexed morphogen screen
in organoids. Cell Stem Cell. 2024;31(12):1831-1846.e9.
doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/macrocq
doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.10.016
33. Silverman JL, Thurm A, Ethridge SB, et al. Reconsidering
animal models used to study autism spectrum disorder: 45. Zhao HH, Haddad G. Brain organoid protocols and
Current state and optimizing future. Genes Brain Behav. limitations. Front Cell Neurosci. 2024;18:1351734.
2022;21(5):e12803.
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1351734
doi: 10.1111/gbb.12803
46. Saglam-Metiner P, Devamoglu U, Filiz Y, et al. Spatio-
34. Partridge B, Rossmeisl JH Jr. Companion animal models of temporal dynamics enhance cellular diversity, neuronal
neurological disease. J Neurosci Methods. 2020;331:108484. function and further maturation of human cerebral
organoids. Commun Biol. 2023;6(1):173.
doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108484
doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04547-1
35. Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, et al. The
consequences of recurrent genetic and epigenetic 47. Jensen C, Teng Y. Is it time to start transitioning from 2D to
variants in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 3D cell culture? Front Mol Biosci. 2020;7:33.
2022;29(12):1624-1636.
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00033
doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.006
48. Marshall JJ, Mason JO. Mouse vs man: Organoid models of
36. Zhu Z, Huangfu D. Human pluripotent stem cells: An brain development & disease. Brain Res. 2019;1724:146427.
emerging model in developmental biology. Development. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146427
2013;140(4):705-717.
49. Agboola OS, Hu X, Shan Z, Wu Y, Lei L. Brain organoid:
doi: 10.1242/dev.086165
A 3D technology for investigating cellular composition and
37. Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, interactions in human neurological development and disease
et al. Exploring the promising potential of induced models in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):430.
pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02369-8
Cancer. 2023;22(1):189.
50. Pagliaro A, Artegiani B, Hendriks D. Emerging approaches
doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0
to enhance human brain organoid physiology. Trends Cell
38. Al Abbar A, Ngai SC, Nograles N, Alhaji SY, Abdullah S. Biol. 2025;1-17.
Induced pluripotent stem cells: Reprogramming platforms doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.12.001
and applications in cell replacement therapy. Biores Open
Access. 2020;9(1):121-136. 51. Kim J, Koo BK, Knoblich JA. Human organoids: Model
systems for human biology and medicine. Nat Rev Mol Cell
doi: 10.1089/biores.2019.0046
Biol. 2020;21(10):571-584.
39. Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-0259-3
cells (iPSCs): Molecular mechanisms of induction and
applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):112. 52. Kim SH, Chang MY. Application of human brain organoids-
opportunities and challenges in modeling human brain
doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0
development and neurodevelopmental diseases. Int J Mol Sci.
40. Duval K, Grover H, Han LH, et al. Modeling physiological 2023;24(15):30.
events in 2D vs. 3D cell culture. Physiology (Bethesda). doi: 10.3390/ijms241512528
2017;32(4):266-277.
53. Li C, Fleck JS, Martins-Costa C, et al. Single-cell brain
doi: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2016
organoid screening identifies developmental defects in
41. Tang XY, Wu S, Wang D, et al. Human organoids in basic autism. Nature. 2023;621(7978):373-380.
research and clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06473-y
Ther. 2022;7(1):168.
54. Sun N, Meng X, Liu Y, Song D, Jiang C, Cai J. Applications
doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01024-9
of brain organoids in neurodevelopment and neurological
42. Qian X, Song H, Ming GL. Brain organoids: diseases. J Biomed Sci. 2021;28(1):30.
Advances, applications and challenges. Development. doi: 10.1186/s12929-021-00728-4
2019;146(8):dev166074.
55. Jusop AS, Thanaskody K, Tye GJ, Dass SA, Wan Kamarul
doi: 10.1242/dev.166074
Zaman WS, Nordin F. Development of brain organoid
43. Martinez-Cerdeno V, Noctor SC. Neural progenitor cell technology derived from iPSC for the neurodegenerative
terminology. Front Neuroanat. 2018;12:104. disease modelling: A glance through. Front Mol Neurosci.
2023;16:1173433.
doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00104

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2025) 21 doi: 10.36922/OR025100010