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Tumor Discovery                                             Practice and consideration of master protocol design




            Table 3. Representative examples of master protocol design in COVID‑19
            Trial        NCT number   Description    Design       Intervention    Sample size  Primary endpoint
            RECOVERY [40]  NCT04381936  Platform trial to   Phase 2/3,   1. Lopinavir-Ritonavir  50,000 planned for  All-cause mortality
                                      evaluate the effects of  open-label,   2. Corticosteroid  whole study  within 28 days after
                                      potential treatments   comparative,   3. Hydroxychloroquine  randomization
                                      in patients admitted   randomization trial 4. Azithromycin
                                      to hospital with            5. Convalescent plasma
                                      COVID-19                    6. Tocilizumab
                                                                  7. Immunoglobulin
                                                                  8.  Synthetic neutralising
                                                                    antibodies
                                                                  9. Aspirin
                                                                  10. Colchicine
                                                                  11. Baricitinib
                                                                  12. Anakinra
                                                                  13. Dimethyl fumarate
                                                                  14.  High Dose
                                                                     Corticosteroid
                                                                  15. Empagliflozin
                                                                  16. Sotrovimab
                                                                  17. Molnupiravir
                                                                  18. Paxlovid
            PRINCIPLE [41]  ISRCTN86534580 Platform trial to assess  Multicenter,   1.  Azithromycin,   12,000 planned for  COVID-19-related
                                      the effectiveness   open-label,   hydroxychloroquine  whole study  hospital admission or
                                      of the respective   multi-arm,   sulphate                death within 28 days
                                      interventions in   randomized,   2. Doxycycline
                                      reducing time   controlled trial  3.  Inhaled budesonide
                                      to recovery and               (Pulmicort
                                      the incidence of              Turbohaler )
                                                                           ®
                                      hospitalization or          4. Colchicine
                                      death.                      5. Favipiravir
                                                                  6. Ivermectin
            TOGETHER [42]  NCT04727424  Platform trial to   Phase 3,   1. Fluvoxamine  4,669 planned for   Rate of fluvoxamine+
                                      assess the efficacy of   multicenter,   2. Budesonide powder  whole study  budesonide,
                                      fluvoxamine versus   prospective,   3.  Peginterferon    peginterferon
                                      placebo in preventing  adaptive,   lambda-1a             lambda, and
                                      hospitalization   double-blind,                          fluvoxamine in
                                      defined as either   randomized,                          changing the need
                                      retention in a   placebo-controlled                      for emergency care
                                      COVID-19 emergency  study                                AND observation for
                                      setting or transfer to                                   more than 06 h due
                                      a tertiary hospital due                                  to the worsening of
                                      to COVID-19                                              COVID-19 within
                                                                                               28 days
                                                                                               Rate of fluvoxamine+
                                                                                               budesonide,
                                                                                               peginterferon lambda
                                                                                               and fluvoxamine in
                                                                                               changing the need
                                                                                               for hospitalization
                                                                                               due to COVID-19
                                                                                               progression and
                                                                                               related complications,
                                                                                               including lower
                                                                                               respiratory tract
                                                                                               infection within
                                                                                               28 days
            OPTIMISE-C19 [43]  NCT04790786  Platform trial to   Phase 4,   1. LillyBamlanivimab  60,000 planned for  Alive and free from
                                      evaluate the   open-label,  2.  Regeneron   whole study  hospitalization
                                                                                                       (Cont’d...)


            Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023)                         11                          https://doi.org/10.36922/td.342
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