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Tumor Discovery                                             Practice and consideration of master protocol design




            Table 4. Representative examples of master protocol design in other fields
            Field     Trial       NCT number Description   Design         Intervention  Sample size  Primary
                                                                                                     endpoint
            Traditional   BOSS [57]  NCT04408261 Basket trial to   Phase 2, multicenter,  Buqitongluo granule 432 planned for   Change
            chinese                          evaluate the   randomized,                 whole study  in the
            medicine                         efficacy and safety   double-blind,                     syndrome
                                             of Buqitongluo   placebo-controlled                     score of qi
                                             granule in treating qi  trial                           deficiency
                                             deficiency and blood                                    and blood
                                             stasis syndrome and                                     stasis
                                             explore the effect of
                                             the improvement
                                             of qi deficiency
                                             and blood stasis
                                             syndrome on the
                                             prognosis of diseases
            Rare diseases  CLUSTER [59]  NCT02059291 Umbrella trial to   Phase 3, multicenter,  Canakinumab   203 actually   Percentage
                                             evaluate efficacy   open-label,   (anti-interleukin-1β  enrolled  of
                                             and safety of   comparative,   monoclonal               participants
                                             Canakinumab   randomized trial  antibody)               with
                                             in patients with                                        resolution
                                             periodic fever                                          of initial
                                             syndromes                                               flare and
                                                                                                     absence of
                                                                                                     new flares
                                                                                                     up to the
                                                                                                     end of the
                                                                                                     randomized
                                                                                                     treatment
                                                                                                     epoch
                                                                                                     (16 weeks)
            Others    pNAAT [60]  NCT02870101 Combination of a   Multicenter,   Nucleic acid   2,767 actually   Number of
                                             basket and umbrella  open-label,   amplification tests 1,  enrolled  participants
                                             to evaluate diagnostic  single-group trial  2, 3 for NG and CT  with
                                             assays for pharyngeal                                   different
                                             and rectal NG and                                       tests relative
                                             CT                                                      to reference
                                                                                                     results
            Hereditary   DIAN-TU [51]  NCT01760005 Platform trial testing  phase 2/3,   1. Solanezumab   490 planned for   DIAN-TU
            and familial                     multiple drugs to   double-blind,   (an anti-soluble Aβ   whole study  cognitive
            diseases, are                    slow or prevent   randomized,   antibody)               composite
            diseases                         the progression of   pooled-placebo   2. Gantenerumab
                                             Alzheimer’s disease in  controlled 2-year   (an anti-fibrillar Aβ
                                             autosomal dominant  biomarker trial  antibody)
                                             Alzheimer’s disease
                                             families
            Rare diseases  INHIBIT [53]  NCT04303559 Platform trial   Phase 3, multicenter,  1. Eloctate  66 planned for   The
                                             comparing Eloctate   open-label, adaptive  2. Emicizumab  whole study  proportion
                                             versus Emicizumab   randomized trial                    developing
                                             to prevent inhibitor   using Bayesian                   anti-FVIII
                                             formation in   design                                   inhibitors
                                             patients with severe
                                             hemophilia A
            Emerging   REMAP-CAP [54]  NCT02735707 Platform trial   Phase 3, open-label,  Many kinds of drugs 10,000 planned   1. All-cause
            infectious                       to evaluate the   comparative,             for whole study  mortality at
            diseases                         effect of a range of   adaptive randomized              day 90
                                             interventions to   trial using Bayesian                 2. Days alive
                                             improve the outcome design                              and not
                                                                                                       (Cont’d...)


            Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023)                         13                          https://doi.org/10.36922/td.342
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