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Ma, et al.

porous structure significantly enhances gas-solid mass reaction duration, and increased fluctuations. However,
transfer, facilitating a dynamic equilibrium between at moderate input mass (e.g., 0.64 g), a dynamic
oxygen transport capacity and combustion demand. equilibrium is established between oxygen supply,
As a result, it sustains combustion stability while heat transfer, and reactant diffusion, enabling a more
maximizing reaction intensity, ultimately achieving an intense and efficient reaction, with utilization efficiency
optimized balance between energy density and reaction reaching a local peak. This phenomenon highlights the
efficiency. These findings provide key experimental interdependence of oxygen supply, thermal transport,
evidence for the parameter optimization of resource- and material diffusion within the reaction system,
efficient combustion systems. underscoring that precise control of input mass is
Pearson correlation analysis was used to study crucial for optimizing reaction efficiency and resource
the correlation between residual mass, utilization utilization.
rate, reaction time, and input mass, with the Pearson The pore structure of cotton floc governs flame
correlation coefficient (r) representing the strength of propagation by forming gas diffusion channels.
the relationship (Table 4). It was observed that there is Predominantly, large pores form continuous pathways
a significant positive correlation between residual mass that significantly enhance oxygen transport, accelerate
and input mass (r = 0.995). In contrast, the utilization convective diffusion of volatile compounds, and
rate and input mass displayed a significant negative promote rapid flame front advancement, especially in
correlation (r = −0.852). Similarly, reaction time and confined environments. In contrast, a high proportion
input mass exhibited a significant negative correlation as of small pores causes local airflow blockages at fiber
well (r = −0.854). These significant correlations suggest junctions, restricting oxygen supply and markedly
that input mass is an important factor influencing cotton slowing flame spread. Moreover, non-uniform pore
floc deflagration. Reasonable control of input mass can distribution intensifies flame front oscillations.
optimize the balance between residual mass, utilization The pore structure of cotton floc regulates reaction
rate, and reaction time, providing guidance for time by coupling heat and mass transfer processes.
improving resource utilization efficiency and reaction Highly interconnected pore networks enhance radiative
control. heat penetration, markedly reducing fuel preheating
The non-linear trend in resource utilization and the duration. A moderate presence of small pores prolongs
dynamic variation in reaction time with increasing input the residence time of volatiles, promoting thorough
mass in the cotton floc deflagration experiment result oxidation. However, an excessive fraction of small
from the interplay of multiple factors. At low input pores can cause localized heat accumulation and
masses, reactants have sufficient oxygen availability, oxygen imbalance, potentially disrupting the reaction.
enabling complete combustion and high utilization Within an optimal porosity range, the synergy between
efficiency. As input mass increases, the accumulation large and small pores maximizes oxygen diffusion and
of reactants restricts oxygen diffusion, leading to synchronizes heat release, thereby minimizing reaction
incomplete combustion and a rapid decline in utilization time, as illustrated in Figure 10.
rate. Concurrently, hindered heat transfer results in
localized temperature rises, which may promote side 3.5. Future work and prospects
reactions or induce fluctuations in the combustion Precise regulation of porosity enables synergistic
rate, further reducing resource efficiency. At high input improvements in combustion safety, energy efficiency,
mass, oxygen availability becomes the primary limiting and emission reduction. Pre-combustion compression
factor, leading to a decrease in reaction rate, prolonged of waste cotton flocs to lower porosity helps suppress
deflagration chain reactions and improves gas-solid
mass transfer. During combustion, staged oxygen-
Table 4. Correlation analysis between input mass enriched strategies further enhance efficiency and
and key parameters reduce emissions of CO, NO , and PM2.5. In addition,
X
Parameter Residual Utilization Reaction establishing porosity safety thresholds within regulatory
mass rate time frameworks, combined with gas monitoring and
r 0.995 −0.852 −0.854 ventilation systems, facilitates cleaner, more efficient,
p 1.39e-10 0.0013 0.0011 and controllable biomass utilization.
Note: Statistical values indicate the correlation (r) and To further enhance the safety and efficiency of
significance (p) of each parameter relative to the input mass. biomass energy utilization, it is recommended that

Volume 22 Issue 4 (2025) 214 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025240193