Page 199 - AJWEP-22-6

Municipal street lighting retrofit in Bulgaria

Figure 16. Visualization module for the luminaire power dimming process

3.1.2. Primary energy savings at an end-user site Table 7. Reference values of the conversion factor,
considering losses from extraction, production,
PEStot = FEStote , [ MWh year/ ] (X) and transmission of energy (including fuels), and

p
where: reference values of the coefficient of ecological
(i) PEStot: Primary energy savings at an end-user site equivalent of energy
(MWh/year). Type of energy Conversion Ecological
(ii) FEStot: Total final energy savings (MWh/year). resource/energy factor from equivalent
(iii) e : Primary energy factor from Table 7. FES to PES, coefficient
p considering
3.1.3. Carbon dioxide emission reductions energy losses

FEStotf e p f i, gCO 2/kWh

CO = i ,[ tCO / year] (XI) Industrial gas oil, 1.10 267
2
1000 2 diesel
where: Fuel oil 1.10 279
(i) CO : CO emission reduction (t CO /year). Natural gas 1.10 202
2
2
2
(ii) FEStot: Total final energy savings (kWh/year). Propane-butane 1.10 227
(iii) f : Ecological equivalent coefficient of energy (fuel) Black coal 1.20 341
i
(g CO /kWh) from Table 7.
2 Lignite/brown coal 1.20 364
4. Energy, economic, and environmental impact Anthracite coal 1.20 354
assessment of the street lighting modernization Coal briquettes 1.25 351
project Firewood, pellets 1.05 43
Heat from district 1.30 290
Based on the energy efficiency measures and technical heating
solutions proposed in the project—including the Electrical energy 3.00 819
implementation of new LED lighting, optimized control Abbreviations: FES: Final energy saving; PES: Primary energy
and operational modes of the street lighting system, and saving.
the bill of quantities and costs—as well as the findings
of the Energy Efficiency Audit Report for the outdoor Table 8. The approach is consistent with similar large-
artificial lighting systems in Pavlikeni and Byala scale modernization initiatives aimed at reducing energy
Cherkva, calculations were performed to determine the consumption and improving lighting infrastructure. 39-41
achieved energy and economic performance indicators For the “Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency,
of the project. These indicators are summarized in Energy Security” Program, Table 9 presents the

Volume 22 Issue 6 (2025) 193 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025310242