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Hao

are becoming more vulnerable to heat stress, potentially documented intensification and expansion of the SUHI
impacting agricultural productivity and the well- necessitate proactive measures to mitigate its adverse
being of suburban populations. Mitigation strategies effects on human health, energy consumption, and urban
are therefore imperative, including the promotion of livability. Strategies must prioritize the preservation
“cool materials” (high-albedo roofs and pavements), and enhancement of green infrastructure, the adoption
enhancement of the urban tree canopy, and the design of cool construction materials, and the implementation
of shaded public spaces (Table 5). 34 of sustainable urban design principles to foster a more
resilient and comfortable urban environment in HCMC.
4.5. Limitations and future research
While this study provides valuable insights, certain Acknowledgments
limitations should be acknowledged. The use of Landsat
imagery, while offering a good balance of spatial and The author expresses gratitude to the University of
temporal resolution, is susceptible to cloud cover, which Science, Viet Nam National University- HCMC, for
can limit data availability in tropical regions. The LST their support.
retrieval algorithms, though widely accepted, involve
certain assumptions that may introduce uncertainties. Funding
Furthermore, the spatial resolution of the thermal bands,
though resampled to 30 m, is natively coarser and This research was funded by the University of Science,
may not capture micro-scale thermal variations within Viet Nam National University-HCMC, under grant
complex urban structures. Critically, this study did not number T2024-21.
perform a detailed quantitative LULC change analysis,
but rather illustrated such changes visually. Conflict of interest
Future research could build upon these findings
by: (i) Integrating higher-resolution thermal imagery The author declares no competing interests.
(e.g., Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and
Reflection Radiometer, ECOsystem Spaceborne Author contributions
Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station) to
examine micro-scale SUHI variations; (ii) conducting This is a single-authored article.
a quantitative LULC change analysis to model its
relationship with LST increases; (iii) incorporating 3D Availability of data
urban morphology data to develop more sophisticated
models; and (iv) assessing the socio-economic impacts Data can be obtained from the corresponding author
of SUHI on public health and energy consumption. upon reasonable request.

5. Conclusion References

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Volume 22 Issue 6 (2025) 218 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025260210