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Explora: Environment
and Resource Carbon neutrality and low-carbon behavior in space tourism

the elderly because of risk perception. Over 80% had a the mean ± 1.96 standard deviations, whereas 99%
bachelor’s degree or higher, indicating a high educational falls within the mean ± 2.58 standard deviations. In
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level of the respondents. In terms of occupation, slightly Table 2, the mean values for each behavioral intention
more than half of the respondents (51%) were students. indicator are between 5.10 and 5.22, signifying strong
Geographically, 76.4% of the respondents expressing a intent from respondents. Regarding skewness and
strong interest in low-carbon space tourism hailed from kurtosis, coefficients for the indicators ranged from
mainland China. Monthly income analysis showed that −1 to 0, indicating a close-to-normal distribution. The
45.4% earned RMB 3,000 or less, reflecting the student- skewness coefficients ranged from −1 to 0, whereas
heavy sample, as shown in Table 1. kurtosis coefficients ranged from −1 to 1, suggesting
normality across the variables, suitable for conducting
4.2. Normality test the multivariate analysis.
Skewness and kurtosis of data are the two primary data
distribution measures used to assess the distribution and 4.3. CMV analysis
spread of data in most statistical analyses. In general, As indicated in Table 3, the analysis identified six
skewness refers to the symmetry of a distribution, where common factors, with the first factor explaining 35.117%
symmetric datasets mirror each side of the center. Data of the variance, which is below the 40% critical threshold
with high kurtosis exhibit thicker tails or more outliers, commonly accepted in literature. This suggests that no
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whereas low kurtosis datasets have shallower tails or single factor dominates the variance, indicating the current
fewer outliers. The data follows certain expected patterns research scale is not significantly impacted by common
in a standard distribution: 95% of the sample falls within method bias, as shown in Table 3.

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the survey sample (n=416)

Measurement Items Frequency (n) Percentage (%)
Gender Male 180 43.3
Female 236 56.7
Age 18 – 25 242 58.1
26 – 30 80 19.2
31 – 50 69 16.7
50 and above 25 6.0
Degree/diploma Junior high school and below 30 7.2
High school/Secondary school 46 11.0
Specialized/Bachelor’s degree 272 65.4
Postgraduate and above 68 16.4
Occupation Student 212 51.0
Company staff 107 25.7
Freelance work 53 12.7
Party and government personnel 23 5.5
Resigned/retired 9 2.0
Other 12 2.8
Location Areas within Guangdong province 143 34.3
Areas outside Guangdong province 175 42.1
Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan 44 10.6
Others 54 13.0
Income (monthly) 3,000 yuan and below 189 45.4
3,001 – 6,000 yuan 101 24.3
6,001 – 12,000 yuan 95 22.8
12,001 – 20,000 yuan 20 4.8
20,001 yuan and above 11 2.7

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2025) 5 doi: 10.36922/eer.3655