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Gene & Protein in Disease Effect of phytochemicals in diabetes

PIP , inactivate phosphor glucocorticoid-regulated kinase Richa Goyal Writing – reviewing and editing: Manoj Kumar,
3]
3 (pSGK3), and activate glycogen synthesis in the liver . M. AnwarMallick

[27]
Herbal alkaloids could stimulate insulin secretion from beta
cells, reduce insulin resistance, stimulate glycogenesis and Ethics approval and consent to participate
[67]
hepatic glycolysis, activate PPARγ, etc. . There is a need The current research article work was performed by
for clinical tests and validate the effect of the biomolecules computational tools, without using any scientific lab
as AMPK2 stimulators and their role in heart diseases, animals, human samples, or any human patients. Thus,
metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. no official permission was taken from our research team
5. Conclusion against the research article from the ethical committee of
our university and government.
Docking studies results between C. roseus phytochemicals
and targets AMPK1 and AMPK2 highlighting strong Consent for publication
bonding affinity between ligands and targets and bring Not applicable.
into focus several questions related to diverse medicinal
roles of alkaloids vindolinine (CID: 24148538), vindoline Availability of data
(CID: 425978), (+)-vindorosine (CID: 261578), Cr-1 Not applicable.
(CID: 5315746), and Cr-2 (CID: 59908094). AMPK2
is a major regulator of glucose metabolism along with References
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hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. The 1. Tripathi KD, 2010, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.
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and cytokine-based immunity regulation pathways. The 2. Hall JE, Guyton AC, 2011, Guyton and Hall Textbook
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present study evidence supports the findings of alkaloids of Medical Physiology. 12 ed. USA: Saunders Elsevier
having a greater potential to trigger AMPK1/2 targets and Publication.
related pathways better than metformin and may effectively 3. Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, et al., 2015, Harrison’s
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control hyperglycemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy, Principles of Internal Medicine. 19 ed. USA: McGraw Hill
metabolic syndrome, obesity, etc. The putative drug Publication.
candidates of C. roseus alkaloids can be further tested 4. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al., 2019, Global and

experimentally and validated clinically. These findings regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and
provide the basis for the development of drug candidates projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International
that have the ability to target multiple diseases, including Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9 edition. Diabetes Res
th
diabetes and its related secondary complications. Clin Pract, 157: 107843.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
Acknowledgments
5. Singh U, 2016, Prevalence of diabetes and other health
Richa Goyal is thankful to Dr. Ashish Kumar Biswas (HOD related problems across India and worldwide: An overview.
and Associate Professor, Pharmacology Department, J Appl Nat Sci, 8(1): 500–505.
Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College and Hospital Hazaribagh, https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.825
Jharkhand, India) and Dr. Mukesh Nitin (Head of
Department of Tech. Data Sci. & Biosciences, Digianalix, 6. Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, et al., 2021, Flavonoids
Ranchi, Jharkhand, India) for guidance and feedback. as potential agents in the management of Type 2 diabetes
through the modulation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase
Funding activity: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 62: 3137–3207.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1862755
None.
7. Kashtoh H, Baek KH, 2022, Recent updates on
Conflict of interest phytoconstituent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: An approach
towards the treatment of type two diabetes. Plants (Basel),
All the authors declared no conflicts of interest. 11: 2722.

Author contributions https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202722
Conceptualization: Richa Goyal 8. Lebovitz HE, 1997, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Endocrinol
Investigation: Richa Goyal Metab Clin North Am, 26(3): 539–551.
Writing – original draft: Richa Goyal https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70266-8

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 12 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.0927