Page 65 - IJAMD-1-3

International Journal of AI for
Materials and Design
Phase change materials and digital twin technology in thermal energy

conventional scheduling techniques. Developers will framework, the PCM is integrated into the building
incorporate customer feedback into iterative software structure. Figure 8 depicts the intelligent building’s
updates until the software reaches a satisfactory level. Only PCW material and thermal network modeled using DT
then will it be ready for full-scale implementation, testing, technology.
and maintenance.
4.2. Real-world applications of DT technology in TES
The phase change wall (PCW) structure serves as
the foundation for TES within the building. In response The growing global demand for energy is a major concern,
to temperature fluctuations, a PCM undergoes a particularly with the increasing number of people living
transformation in its physical properties, which either in urban areas. The depletion of energy resources is
increases or decreases its heat absorption capacity. Most contributing significantly to environmental issues, such
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PCMs used in construction materials today are stored in as climate change, the expansion of the ozone hole, and
solid-liquid mixtures. Liu et al. developed form-stabilized global warming. In a study by South Korean researchers
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PCMs with appropriate latent heat enthalpies. These Seo et al., the energy consumption of a university
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materials demonstrated excellent heat control and shape classroom building was reduced by 60% after switching
retention properties. Within this indoor construction to LED lighting, using a turn-off technique. However,
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they also found that LED lights tend to consume more
energy than expected and require adjustments. The
study did not address the potential financial costs of
LED bulbs, or the level of satisfaction occupants might
have with the lighting’s performance. DT technology has
been the subject of several studies aimed at improving
building energy management, with the goal of enhancing
thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Table 3 provides
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real-world applications of DT technology in intelligent
buildings.
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Qian et al. conducted a year-long study of thermal
sensation votes using a DT platform to learn about indoor
and semi-open space environmental conditions. Their
findings revealed that occupants felt hot and uncomfortable
throughout the day and night during the summer. In
another study focused on human-centered monitoring in
intelligent buildings, Deng et al. utilized digital identity
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technology to gain insights into indoor thermal comfort.
The study classified two types of identification – digital
Figure 7. Energy conversion through DT technology and non-digital –into two sets. According to the responses,
Abbreviation: DT: Digital twin. participants with digital identities reported improved

Figure 8. Energy conversion through digital twin technology

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2024) 59 doi: 10.36922/ijamd.4696