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A novel 3D printing method for cell alignment and differentiation

scaffolds and, as demonstrated here, to influence stem The guidance of stem cell differentiation by substrate
cell differentiation on a biomaterial [7,11,14,15,28,31] . alignment and mechanical stimulation. Biomaterials,
vol.34(8): 1942–1953.
5. Conclusion http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.012.

A novel 2-stage method has been developed to control 6. Mathieu P S and Loboa E G, 2012, Cytoskeletal and
the alignment and differentiation of bioprinted stem focal adhesion influences on mesenchymal stem cell
shape, mechanical properties, and differentiation down
cells. The first stage involves precision etching of pat- osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic pathways.
terned surface grooves, followed by a precision deli- Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, vol.18(6): 436–444.
very of stem cells into the grooves via bioprinting. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEB.2012.0014.
Compared to conventional manual cell seeding onto 7. Li Y H, Huang G Y, Zhang X H, et al. 2014, Engineer-
patterned surfaces, which usually leads to uncontro- ing cell alignment in vitro. Biotechnology Advance,
lled distribution of cells, the proposed method is pre- vol.32(2): 347–365.
cise, efficient, and of a high seeding quality. Prelimi- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.007.
nary assessments show that the alignment and diffe- 8. Chang S, Song S, Lee J, et al. 2014, Phenotypic mod-
rentiation of bioprinted MSCs could be controlled and ulation of primary vascular smooth muscle cells by
enhanced by the proposed method. short-term culture on micropatterned substrate. PLoS
ONE, vol.9(2): e88089.
Conflict of Interest and Funding http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088089.
9. Glawe J D, Hill J B, Mills D K, et al. 2005, Influence of
No conflict of interest was reported by the authors. channel width on alignment of smooth muscle cells by
This work is supported by the Public Sector Funding high-aspect-ratio microfabricated elastomeric cell cul-
(PSF) 2012 from the Science and Engineering Res- ture scaffolds. Journal of Biomedical Materials Re-
earch Council (SERC) under the Agency for Science, search Part A, vol.75A(1): 106–114.
Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (pro- http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30403.
ject number: 1321202082). Dr. S.A. Irvine, Dr. P. Mha- 10. Hao J, Zhang Y L, Jing D, et al. 2015, Mechanobiology
isalkar and Mr. A. Agrawal are supported by the Sin- of mesenchymal stem cells: perspective into the me-
gapore National Research Foundation under CREATE chanically induced MSC fate. Acta Biomaterialia,
programme (NRF-Technion): The Regenerative Med- vol.20(1): 1–9.
icine Initiative in Cardiac Restoration Therapy Re- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.008.
search Program. 11. Marklein R A and Burdick J A, 2010, Controlling stem
cell fate with material design. Advanced Materials,
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