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Preventing bacterial adhesion on scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
scaffolds display a high percent of porosity and inter- ity to integrate nanostructural features into micro-mac-
connectivity, easily controllable with enhanced me- rostructure matrices to fine-tune cellular responses.
chanical properties in comparison to conventional Thus, the use of sol-gel process combined with RC
scaffold processing (Figure 4A) [92] . Thus, 3D scaffolds technique, where the sol can be directly printed before
based on composites (ceramic-polymer) such as sili- gelation in a one-pot procedure, permits the design of
con doped hydroxyapatite (SiHA), and mesoporous hierarchical 3D meso-macroporous [98] . Hence, the
bioactive glass such as ceramic and polycaprolactone versatility of RC allowed the addition of biodegradable
(PCL) and gelatin as polymers have been carried polymers into the slurries avoiding high temperature
out [93–97] . One of the advantages of RC is the possibil- processing and improving its mechanical properties.
Figure 4. Schematics of two rapid prototyping (RP) methods for the manufacture of 3D scaffolds based in bioceramics and metals
via (A) robocasting (RC) and (B) selective laser based techniques.
28 International Journal of Bioprinting (2016)–Volume 2, Issue 1
