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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking

structures manufactured via laser direct write

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Atra Malayeri , Colin Sherborne , Thomas Paterson , Shweta Mittar , Ilida Ortega Asencio ,
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2**
Paul V. Hatton and Frederik Claeyssens
1 Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
S10 2TA, United Kingdom
2 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Insti-
tute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom

Abstract: This paper describes the direct laser write of a photocurable acrylate-based PolyHIPE (High Internal Phase
Emulsion) to produce scaffolds with both macro- and microporosity, and the use of these scaffolds in osteosarco-
ma-based 3D cell culture. The macroporosity was introduced via the application of stereolithography to produce a clas-
sical “woodpile” structure with struts having an approximate diameter of 200 μm and pores were typically around 500
μm in diameter. The PolyHIPE retained its microporosity after stereolithographic manufacture, with a range of pore
sizes typically between 10 and 60 μm (with most pores between 20 and 30 μm). The resulting scaffolds were suitable
substrates for further modification using acrylic acid plasma polymerisation. This scaffold was used as a structural
mimic of the trabecular bone and in vitro determination of biocompatibility using cultured bone cells (MG63) demon-
strated that cells were able to colonise all materials tested, with evidence that acrylic acid plasma polymerisation im-
proved biocompatibility in the long term. The osteosarcoma cell culture on the 3D printed scaffold exhibits different
growth behaviour than observed on tissue culture plastic or a flat disk of the porous material; tumour spheroids are ob-
served on parts of the scaffolds. The growth of these spheroids indicates that the osteosarcoma behave more akin to in
vivo in this 3D mimic of trabecular bone. It was concluded that PolyHIPEs represent versatile biomaterial systems with
considerable potential for the manufacture of complex devices or scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In particular, the
possibility to readily mimic the hierarchical structure of native tissue enables opportunities to build in vitro models
closely resembling tumour tissue.
Keywords: High Internal Phase Emulsion, PolyHIPEs, scaffold, emulsion templating, photopolymerisation, bone cells,
MG63

*Corresponding author for biocompatibility determination: Paul V. Hatton, Bioengineering and Health Technologies Group, The School of
Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom; Email: paul.hatton@sheffield.ac.uk
**Corresponding author for microfabrication: Frederik Claeyssens, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, Email: F.Claeyssens@shef.ac.uk

Received: April 8, 2016; Accepted: June 1, 2016; Published Online: June 24, 2016
Citation: Malayeri A, Sherborne C, Paterson T, et al., 2016, Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manu-
factured via laser direct write. International Journal of Bioprinting, vol.2(2): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/IJB.2016.02.005.

Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manufactured via laser direct write. © 2016 Atra Malayeri, et al. This is an Open Access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/),
permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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