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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Structural, mechanical and in vitro studies on pulsed

laser deposition of hydroxyapatite on additive

manufactured polyamide substrate

*
*
Kuppuswamy Hariharan and Ganesan Arumaikkannu
Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India

Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging field that merges engineering and life sciences to produce
components that can effectively act as a replacement in the human body. This AM encompasses biofabrication using
cells, biological or biomaterials as building blocks to fabricate biological and bio-application oriented substance, device
and therapeutic products through a broad range of engineering and biological processes. Furthermore, bioactive coating
on BAM surface facilitates biological fixation between the prosthesis and the hard tissue which increases the long term
stability and integrity of the implant. In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was coated over AM polyamide sub-
strate using pulsed laser deposition. Coating morphology was characterised using scanning electron microscope (SEM)
analysis and observed that the coating was dominated by the presence of particle droplet with different sizes. Com-
pounds like tricalcium phosphate and a few amorphous calcium phosphates were found along with HA which was con-
firmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques shows the
presence of phosphate and carbonate groups in the HA structure. Nano-indentation and pull-out test reveals that the
layer was strong enough and withstands higher load before it peels off. In vitro analysis was evaluated with human os-
teosarcoma MG-63 cells with respect to the cell viability and results shows that the good viability was observed on
2+
3−
coated surface due to combinational effect of Ca and PO 4 ions. The multitude of characterisation conducted on the
coating has established that coating polyamide with HA results in a positive combination for an implant.
Keywords: bioadditive manufacturing, hydroxyapatite, polyamide, pulsed laser deposition, characterisation, cell line
studies

*Correspondence to: Kuppuswamy Hariharan and Ganesan Arumaikkannu, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engi-
neering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India; E-mail: hariharancim28@gmail.com and arumai@annauniv.edu

Received: April 27, 2016; Accepted: June 13, 2016; Published Online: June 24, 2016
Citation: Hariharan K and Arumaikkannu G, 2016, Structural, mechanical and in vitro studies on pulsed laser deposition of hydrox-
yapatite on additive manufactured polyamide substrate. International Journal of Bioprinting, vol.2(2): 85–94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/IJB.2016.02.008.

[2]
1. Introduction niques, individual activities and conditions , the most
M which is defined as the ability of the material to form
important aspect of this biomaterial is biocompatibility,
aterial which is intended to interface with
the living tissue to evaluate, treat or replace
a biological bond with the host tissue intended for a
any tissue, organ or function of the body is
[3]
[1]
known as a biomaterial . The success of biomaterials specific application . The application of biomaterials
is to fabricate 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering or-
in the body depends on factors such as surgical tech- thopaedic joints, soft contact lens, drug delivery and

Structural, mechanical and in vitro studies on pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite on additive manufactured polyamide substrate. © 2016 Kup-
puswamy Hariharan and Ganesan Arumaikkannu. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribu-
tion-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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