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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bone: Current & future
Figure 1. 3D-bioprinted bone in regenerative medicine. This figure was created using BioRender.
be reproduced for further evaluation in clinical trials engineering that is capable of constructing 3D constructs
prior to clinical applications and human transplantations to replicate bone microstructure and potentially enhance
(Figure 2). clinical outcomes in bone repair (e.g., by mitigating current
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Despite the clinical potential of 3D bioprinting, the adverse effects of bone grafts). Hydrogel-based matrices
process is challenged by the complex biological aspects garner significant interest as tissue scaffolds, owing to their
and technological limitations that impact the biological biocompatibility and structural similarity to the natural
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function of tissue structures. Nonetheless, bioprinting extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, composite
is anticipated to be an effective tool in bone tissue materials, such as polymers, ceramics, and nano-materials,
Figure 2. The process of 3D bioprinting. This figure was created using BioRender.
Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 142 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2056
