Page 340 - IJB-10-3

International Journal of Bioprinting Acoustic analysis of 3D-printed ossicles

1E-4 HA/PCL-TC4-HA/PCL 1E-4 HA/PCL-316L-HA/PCL
HA/PCL-TC4-316L 1E-5 HA/PCL-316L-316L
Displacement of stapes footplate/mm 1E-6 1E-4 Displacement of stapes footplate/mm 1E-6 1E-4
HA/PCL-316L-TC4
HA/PCL-TC4-TC4
1E-5
HA/PCL-316L-HA/PCL
HA/PCL-TC4-HA/PCL
HA/PCL-316L-316L
HA/PCL-TC4-316L
HA/PCL-316L-TC4
HA/PCL-TC4-TC4
1E-7
1E-7
1E-8
1E-8
1E-6
1E-9
1E-8
1E-10
1000 10000 1E-9 1E-10 1E-6 1E-8 1000 10000
1E-10 Frequency/HZ 1E-10 Frequency/HZ
100 1000 10000 100 1000 10000
Frequency/HZ Frequency/HZ
(g) Stapes floor displacement of HTx (h) Stapes floor displacement of H3x
1E-4
HA/PCL-HA/PCL-HA/PCL
HA/PCL-HA/PCL-316L
Displacement of stapes footplate/mm 1E-6 1E-4
HA/PCL-HA/PCL-TC4
1E-5
HA/PCL-HA/PCL-HA/PCL
HA/PCL-HA/PCL-316L
HA/PCL-HA/PCL-TC4
1E-7
1E-8
1E-9
1E-6
1E-10
1E-8
1E-10
1000 10000
1E-11 Frequency/HZ
100 1000 10000
Frequency/HZ
(i) Stapes floor displacement of HHx
Figure 7. Comparison of stapes floor displacement between experimental results (dotted line) and simulation results (solid line).
curves is roughly similar. By performing Tafel linear Additionally, TC4 exhibits better tensile properties than
extrapolation, the values of E corr (self-corrosion potential) 316L. In terms of molding, 316L outperforms both TC4
and I corr (self-corrosion current density) can be obtained, and HA/PCL. The average values from the table data are
as shown in Table 5. I corr (self-corrosion current density) used to represent the material property parameters of the
is an indicator of the corrosion rate, with a smaller value ossicular materials.
indicating slower corrosion, and vice versa. The corrosion
rate of SLM TC4 was faster than that of 316L. E corr (self- 4.2. Frequency response analysis of TxH
corrosion potential) reflects the corrosion trend of metal Figure 9 shows the stapes floor displacement of three
materials. A smaller value suggests higher susceptibility material combinations: TC4-TC4-HA/PCL (TTH),
to corrosion, whereas a higher value indicates better TC4-316L-HA/PCL (T3H), and TC4-HA/PCL-HA/PCL
corrosion resistance. The corrosion potential of SLM 316L (THH). The densities of the malleus head, malleus neck,
and malleus handle are 2.55 g/cm³, 4.53 g/cm³, and 3.7 g/
(-0.355 V) is 37.5% higher than that of TC4 (-0.568 V).
Both 316L and TC4 exhibit distinct passivation regions, cm³, while the density of the malleus replaced with TC4
becomes 4.42 g/cm³. The masses of the three parts became
with the corrosion resistance of 316L being superior to 1.73, 0.97, and 1.19 times the normal value, respectively,
that of TC4.
resulting in an overall mass improvement compared with
Table 6 presents data obtained from tensile tests the original parameter model. The elastic modulus of
conducted on the three materials. The results indicate the malleus changed from 14.1 GPa to 110.4 GPa, and
that the tensile properties of metal-molded parts Poisson’s ratio increased by 0.4. The stapes was replaced
are significantly better than those of plastic parts. with HA/PCL, and its density changed from 2.2 g/cm to
3

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 332 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2040