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International Journal of Bioprinting Expanding 3D cell proliferation with DLP bioprinting

hydrogel scaffolds. We fabricated precise hydrogel and Fisheries (iPET). The authors are grateful for the
scaffolds with an optimized photocurable bioink and financial support from the National Research Foundation
characterized the morphological features of the microscale of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government
barrier structures generated by DLP printing. Next, we (NRF-2018R1D1A1B05047274) and NoAH Biotech Co.,
demonstrated cellular compatibility with cell viability Ltd. Korea.
exceeding 95% on the surface of the printed F-GelMA
hydrogel. Three sizes of microchannel hydrogels (SMH, Conflict of interest
MMH, and LMH) were introduced to overcome the The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
limitations caused by the barrier structure in DLP
printing, and their O.M.C and I.M.C were analyzed. The Author contributions
results showed that α-tubulin confluency did not exceed
30% in any of the O.M.C and I.M.C samples, indicating Conceptualization: Yejin Choi, Jeong Wook Seo, Hojae Bae
that additional culture conditions were required. Finally, Data curation: Yejin Choi, Jeong Wook Seo
a significant improvement in cell proliferation was Formal analysis: Yejin Choi, Jeong Wook Seo
demonstrated in I.M.C through a shift from a non-shaking Investigation: Yejin Choi
culture to a media flow environment (p < 0.001). Among Methodology: Yejin Choi, Jeong Wook Seo
them, the LMH vertical multichannel showed the highest Project administration: Hojae Bae
cell proliferation, demonstrating remarkable improvements Resources: Goo Jang, Woo Kyung Jung, Yong Ho Park
in cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation following the Supervision: Hojae Bae
geographical location of the multichannel (top and side) Writing – original draft: Yejin Choi, Jeong Wook Seo
during long-term culture. Writing – review & editing: Yejin Choi, Jeong Wook Seo,
Hojae Bae
We offer a novel functional definition for microchannels
implanted into DLP-printed scaffolds, based on what we Availability of data
have shown that microchannels offer regions that promote
cell survival and proliferation. The approach can also be Data are available from the corresponding author upon
applied as a basic research methodology for enhancing reasonable request.
the proliferation of cells encapsulated within F-GelMA
scaffolds. Future work will require microfluidic studies References
incorporating the use of fluidic bioreactors for larger
tissue cultures, 70,71 as well as in vivo studies to demonstrate 1. Cohan M. From petri dish to dinner plate: this is the world’s
regeneration of scaffolds as cell grafts. 72-74 Nevertheless, first 3D-printed, cultivated fish fillet. CNN; 2023.
taken together, this study provides valuable insights into https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/steakholder-foods-
3d-printed-cultivated-fish-fillet-spc-intl/index.html
advanced bioprinting techniques for achieving simple and
effective cell proliferation, with the potential for future 2. Listek V. Aleph farms’ new cultured steak to join the cultured
applications in tissue engineering (artificial organs), 34,35,73 meat race. 3D print.com; 2023.
regenerative medicine (vascular microenvironments), 32,33,74 https://3dprint.com/299484/aleph-farms-new-3d-printed-
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Acknowledgments the-future-of-food-amazing-lab-grown-and-3d-printed-
meat-and-fish/?sh=6fdf360446f6
We are grateful to the LARTbio for generously providing 4. Reiley L. Raising the steaks: first 3-D-printed rib-eye is
the Bovine ear fibroblast cells (BEFCs). J.W.S. is now unveiled. The Washington Post; 2021.
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Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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3D-printable plant protein-enriched scaffolds for cultivated
Funding meat development. Biomaterials. 2022;284:121487.
This work was supported by the Creative and Challenging doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121487
Convergence Model Development Program (RS-2023- 6. Jeong D, Seo JW, Lee H-G, Jung WK, Park YH, Bae H.
00232550) from the Korea Institute of Planning and Efficient myogenic/adipogenic transdifferentiation of
Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry, bovine fibroblasts in a 3D bioprinting system for steak-

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 422 doi: 10.36922/ijb.2219