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RESEARCH ARTICLE

An nMgO containing scaffold: Antibacterial activity,

degradation properties and cell responses

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Cijun Shuai 1,2,3 , Wang Guo , Chengde Gao , Youwen Yang , Ping Wu and Pei Feng 1*
1 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,
Central South University, Changsha, China
2 Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
3 Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
4 College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
Abstract: Bone repair failure caused by implant-related infections is a common and troublesome problem. In this study,
an antibacterial scaffold was developed via selective laser sintering with incorporating nano magnesium oxide (nMgO) to
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The results indicated the scaffold exerted high antibacterial activity.
The antibacterial mechanism was that nMgO could cause oxidative damage and mechanical damage to bacteria through
the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and direct contact action, respectively, which resulted in the damage of
their structures and functions. Besides, nMgO significantly increased the compressive properties of the scaffold including
strength and modulus, due to its excellent mechanical properties and uniform dispersion in the PHBV matrix. Moreover, the
degradation tests indicated nMgO neutralized the acid degradation products of PHBV and benefited the degradation of the
scaffold. The cell culture demonstrated that nMgO promoted the cellular adhesion and proliferation, as well as osteogenic
differentiation. The present work may open the door to exploring nMgO as a promising antibacterial material for tissue
engineering.
Keywords: Nano magnesium oxide; antibacterial scaffolds; degradation properties; cytocompatibility; mechanical
properties
*Correspondence to: Pei Feng, State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; fengpei@csu.edu.cn
Received: September 17, 2017; Accepted: October 10, 2017; Published Online: November 1, 2017

Citation: Shuai C, Guo W, Gao C, et al., 2018, An nMgO containing scaffold: Antibacterial activity, degradation properties and cell
responses. Int J Bioprint, 4(1): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/IJB.v4i1.120
1. Introduction attracted attention owing to their high antibacterial
activity and broad antibacterial spectrum [11–13] . Among
Bone scaffolds are usually susceptible to bacterial infec- them, MgO, and especially nanosized MgO (nMgO), is
tions, which easily result in the failure of bone repair [1–3] . more promising, considering that it has not only strong
In clinic, administration of antibiotics is a frequently antibacterial activity but also excellent biocompatibility,
used method for prophylaxis and treatment of infections. which has been recognized as safe by the US Food and
However, long-term administration of antibiotics easily Drug Administration (21CFR184.1431) [14] . Besides,
causes toxic and adverse effects to the human body such its alkaline degradation products may be in favor
as hypersensitivity and immunosuppression; and the abuse of constructing weakly alkaline microenvironments
of antibiotics has given rise to serious multiple drug for cellular responses; the magnesium ion is widely
resistance of many pathogenic bacteria [4–7] . Therefore, involved in human metabolisms, playing an significant
it is extremely necessary to explore new methods of role in regulating cellular responses [15] . In addition, it
dealing with the implant-related bacterial infections. has been previously used as a rigid filler for reinforcing
Developing antibacterial scaffolds may be a promising polymer [16,17] .
strategy with incorporating antibacterial materials [8–10] . Haldorai and Shim [18] prepared chitosan/MgO com-
Metallic oxides, including silver oxide, copper oxide, posites by chemical precipitation method and found the
titanium dioxide and magnesium oxide (MgO), have composites showed a much higher killing rate against
An nMgO containing scaffold: Antibacterial activity, degradation properties and cell responses. © 2018 Shuai C, et al. This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
nc/4.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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