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International Journal of Bioprinting Light-based muscle bioprinting with bioglass

fabricating GelMA-based musculoskeletal constructs from Elizabeth Vargas Mejía Vargas (MSc) and Felipe Abraham
murine myoblasts. In addition, we used MBGNs to enrich Sauceda Torres.
the GelMA-based construct and enhanced the printability,
sample handling, and the functionality of the GelMA Funding
matrix. Following the fabrication strategy proposed in Víctor Sánchez, Juan Enrique Pérez, and Salvador Gallegos
this paper, we used tartrazine to attenuate light scattering acknowledge the grant support of the Mexican National
and improved GelMA crosslinking. We also employed Council for Humanities, Science, and Technology
reduced ultraviolet radiation intensities (from 365 nm, (CONAHCYT).
5.9 mW/cm to 405 nm, 3.75 mW/cm ). These distinctive
2
2
technical features form a novel LBB strategy that enables Conflict of interest
the fabrication of high-resolution constructs (i.e., ~250
µm) while maintaining high cell viabilities. Through this The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
strategy, the cell viabilities exceeded 89 ± 8% during the
first 12 days of culture and up to 60% after day 20 for both Author contributions
pristine GelMA constructs and myoblast-laden GelMA Conceptualization: Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago,
constructs enriched with MBGNs. Mario Moisés Alvarez, Aldo R. Boccaccini, J.
Of note, we did not use alginate for mechanical stability Israel Martínez-López
in this new fabrication strategy; instead, we used GelMA- Data curation: Víctor Hugo Sánchez-Rodríguez, Juan
based hydrogels added or not added with MBGNs. We Enrique Pérez-Cortez, Salvador Gallegos-Martínez,
observed that myoblasts attached, proliferated, elongated, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Elisa Vázquez-Lepe, J.
and showed signs of early differentiation to myotubes Israel Martínez-López
in both pristine GelMA and MBGN-added GelMA Formal analysis: J. Israel Martínez-López, Mario Moisés
constructs. Our findings also showed that the addition Alvarez, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Ciro A.
of MBGNs improved printability, facilitated construct Rodríguez, Cristina Chuck-Hernández
handling (as they appeared more mechanically robust Investigation: Víctor Hugo Sánchez-Rodríguez, Juan
than their pristine GelMA counterparts), prolonged Enrique Pérez-Cortez, Salvador Gallegos-Martínez, J.
stability under culture conditions, and enhanced cell Israel Martínez-López
alignment. These compelling proof-of-concept results Methodology: Elisa Vázquez-Lepe, Mario Moisés Alvarez,
with C2C12 myoblasts suggest that the cost-effective Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, J. Israel Martínez-López,
bioprinter and the bioprinting strategy introduced here Ciro A. Rodríguez
hold great potential for advancing musculoskeletal Resources: Mario Moisés Alvarez, Grissel Trujillo-
tissue engineering. Additional tests should be performed de Santiago, Cristina Chuck-Hernández, Ciro A.
to conclusively determine if different concentrations Rodríguez, Aldo R. Boccaccini
of the MBGNs affect the mechanical properties and Supervision: J. Israel Martínez-López, Elisa Vázquez-Lepe,
the cell viability of cell-laden structures. Remarkably, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
this bioprinting technique may offer a significant cost Visualization: Víctor Hugo Sánchez-Rodríguez, Juan
advantage over other methods currently available such as Enrique Pérez-Cortez, Salvador Gallegos-Martínez, J.
extrusion-based bioprinting. Israel Martínez-López
Writing – original draft: Juan Enrique Pérez-Cortez, J. Israel
Acknowledgments Martínez-López, Víctor Hugo Sánchez-Rodríguez
Writing – review & editing: Elisa Vázquez-Lepe, J. Israel
The Research Group of Advanced Manufacturing Martínez-López, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Mario Moisés
from Tecnologico de Monterrey provided support for Alvarez, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
the acquisition of materials and goods. Juan Enrique
Pérez Cortez acknowledges the grant support of the Ethics approval and consent to participate
Mexican National Council for Humanities, Science and
Technology (CONAHCYT). Centro de Investigación Not applicable.
Numericalc provided additional support to access additive
manufacturing equipment. The authors also acknowledge Consent for publication
the support for the experimental assessment from Regina Not applicable.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 561 doi: 10.36922/ijb.1830