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REVIEW ARTICLE

New microorganism isolation techniques with emphasis

on laser printing

V. S. Cheptsov , S. I. Tsypina , N. V. Minaev , V. I. Yusupov , B. N. Chichkov *
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1 Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 11999 Moscow, Russia
2 Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Institute of Photonic Technologies, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
3 Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten, 30167, Hannover
Abstract: The study of biodiversity, growth, development, and metabolism of cultivated microorganisms is an integral part
of modern microbiological, biotechnological, and medical research. Such studies require the development of new methods
of isolation, cultivation, manipulation, and study of individual bacterial cells and their consortia. To this end, in recent years,
there has been an active development of different isolation and three-dimensional cell positioning methods. In this review,
the optical tweezers, surface heterogeneous functionalization, multiphoton lithography, microfluidic techniques, and laser
printing are reviewed. Laser printing is considered as one of the most promising techniques and is discussed in detail.

Keywords: Laser printing; bacteria isolation; soil; unculturable microorganisms; biodiversity
*Correspondence to: Prof. B. N. Chichkov, Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Institute of Photonic Technologies,
Troitsk - 142 190, Moscow, Russia; chichkov@iqo.uni-hannover.de
Received: October 2, 2018; Accepted: October 16, 2018; Published Online: December 14, 2018

Citation: Cheptsov VS, Tsypina SI, Minaev NV, et al., 2019, New microorganism isolation techniques with emphasis on laser
printing. Int J Bioprint, 5(1):165.http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v5i1.165

1. Introduction the laboratory is considered the main reason for their
unculturability [4,8] . In natural heterogeneous environments,
According to current evaluations, more than 99% of the
prokaryotes biodiversity remain unculturable when using such as lands, soils, and bottom sediments, physical-
traditional cultivation methods [1-4] . To investigate the chemical conditions of the existence of microorganisms
biodiversity and functions of unculturable microorganisms change on a microscale [16-18] . Such natural environments
in situ, different molecular biological methods are combinations of microzones, different in concentration
are used [5-7] . At the same time, cultivation is still necessary and composition of organic matter (including microbial
for a detailed investigation of the growth and metabolism of metabolites), salts, gases, mineral composition, and other
microorganisms, genetic manipulations, and introduction parameters. It is obvious that the reproduction of the entire
of promising strains in biotechnological processes [8-11] . The set of environmental parameters in vitro is impossible.
study of processes carried out by microorganisms in nature Intra- and inter-population interactions play an important
is necessary for understanding of functioning principles of role in the functioning of microorganisms within natural
ecosystems, assessment of biogeochemical flows of matter, ecosystems [19-23] . In particular, such interactions include the
modeling, and forecasting of various biospheric processes,
which are associated with the problems of climate change formation of biofilms, production of growth regulators and
and anthropogenic influence on the biosphere [12,13] . It signal metabolites, and production of antibiotics. Sample
is equally important that new species and strains of preparation procedures for traditional cultivation methods,
microorganisms can be valuable producers of bioactive including desorption of cells from mineral particles, disrupt
substances, such as enzymes and antibiotics [14,15] . communications between the microorganisms, which is
The impossibility of complete reproduction of the especially important for strongly associated groups such
conditions of the natural habitat of microorganisms in as symbionts and pathogens .
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New microorganism isolation techniques with emphasis on laser printing © 2019 Cheptsov. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
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