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International Journal of Bioprinting 3D bioprinting for nanoparticle evaluation

chitosan and hyaluronic acid, using a reactive mixing of experimental results and contributing significantly
bioprinting approach. The resulting NP-loaded hydrogel to the development of nanomedicines. This technology
scaffolds exhibited good structural integrity, shape fidelity, also holds immense potential in personalized medicine
and homogeneous NP dispersion. The scaffolds supported and regenerative medicine. Personalized disease models,
the viability and proliferation of encapsulated L929 created using patient-derived cells, can reflect individual
fibroblasts over a 14-day period, highlighting their potential pathological and genetic characteristics, enabling more
as effective wound dressings. The bioprinting process itself tailored and effective treatments.
offers several advantages. The in situ crosslinking during Future research should focus on developing
bioprinting provides appropriate structural integrity advanced bioinks and innovating printing technologies.
without the need for additional cytotoxic crosslinkers, Improvements in mechanical properties, biocompatibility,
reduces post-printing steps, and allows the use of low- and controlled degradation rates of bioinks will expand
viscosity starting solutions, minimizing shear stress the application range of 3D bioprinting. Innovations
on encapsulated cells. The sustained release profile of such as multi-material and multi-cell printing can further
catechol NPs from the printed scaffolds ensures prolonged enhance the complexity and functionality of printed
bioactivity at the wound site, contributing to the regulation tissues. Integrating real-time imaging and monitoring
of ROS production, control of inflammatory responses, technologies into the printing process can improve
and facilitation of neovascularization. precision and reproducibility.
Overall, the study by Puertas-Bartolomé et al. In clinical applications, 3D bioprinting offers vast
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presents a significant advancement in the use of bioactive possibilities. Personalized tumor models can be used to
catechol-functionalized NPs for 3D bioprinting in wound test the efficacy of NP-based therapies, leading to more
healing. The integration of these NPs into hydrogel effective and customized treatment plans. In regenerative
scaffolds not only supports controlled drug release and medicine, bioprinted tissues and organs can reduce the
enhances bioactivity but also provides a versatile platform need for donor organs and improve patient outcomes.
for developing customized wound dressings tailored to Additionally, bioprinted skin models can be utilized for
patient-specific needs. 131 testing transdermal drug delivery systems and studying
skin diseases, reducing reliance on animal testing.
11. Conclusions and future perspectives
Addressing regulatory and ethical issues is crucial for
Three-dimensional bioprinting technology has made the widespread adoption of 3D bioprinting. Ensuring the
significant strides in NP evaluation and biomedical safety and efficacy of bioprinted tissues through rigorous
research. This technology offers substantial advantages over preclinical and clinical testing is essential. Developing
traditional 2D cell culture methods, as it creates constructs regulatory frameworks to oversee the production and use
that more accurately mimic the complex structures and of bioprinted tissues will ensure they meet established
functions of human tissues. By recreating multicellular medical standards. Ethical considerations, particularly
structures, 3D bioprinting provides more reliable results in regarding the use of human cells and tissues in bioprinting,
drug efficacy and toxicity testing. must also be addressed to gain public trust and acceptance.

Current research demonstrates the potential of 3D In conclusion, 3D bioprinting is poised to revolutionize
bioprinting across various applications. In cancer research, NP evaluation and biomedical research. This technology
bioprinted tumor models have been used to more bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies,
accurately assess the effectiveness of NP-based therapies providing a more accurate and reliable platform for drug
by closely mimicking the tumor microenvironment. In testing and disease modeling. Future research should
vascular regeneration, studies have shown that bioprinted continue to advance bioink development, printing
artificial blood vessels loaded with drugs like rapamycin technologies, and regulatory frameworks to fully harness
can open new avenues for treating vascular diseases. the potential of 3D bioprinting. This technology is expected
Toxicity studies using 3D-bioprinted tissues, such as iPSC- to play a crucial role in the advancement of nanomedicine
derived cardiac microtissues, have yielded more realistic and the development of personalized medical treatments.
data on NP-induced cytotoxicity compared to traditional
2D cultures. Acknowledgments

The implications of these advancements are profound. Figure 1 was created with Biorender.com. This work was
Three-dimensional bioprinting technology overcomes the conducted during the research year of Chungbuk National
limitations of traditional methods, enhancing the reliability University in 2024.

Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 23 doi: 10.36922/ijb.4273