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International Journal of Bioprinting dECM bioink for 3D musculoskeletal tissue reg.

compared to the control group of hTMSCs embedded in dECM bioinks (PVA-A/SDCM [solubilized decellularized
collagen (Figure 9A). Although the mechanical strength and cartilage matrix] bioink, cdECM-MA bioinks, 136,183
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biological behavior of the constructs were not measured, aptamer-GE [GelMA/DCECM] bioink, PVA/dECM
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the potential of cdECM bioinks for cartilage tissue bioink, GelHACS [hyaluronic acid and chondroitin
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regeneration has been validated. 24,182 Chae et al. developed a sulfate]-MA bioink ) for cartilage bioprinting (Figure 9B).
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computer-aided design (CAD)-based 3D-printed meniscus
structure using a blend of polyurethane (PU)-PCL cell- To mitigate the potential toxicity from bioink
laden meniscal dECM (me-dECM) bioink. The printed crosslinking (ion crosslinking, photocrosslinking, enzyme
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constructs displayed excellent mechanical properties crosslinking) and preserve cell viability, Yang et al.
and good biocompatibility, promoting the formation of developed silk fibroin (SF)-dECM bioinks that do not
fibrocartilage via proliferation and differentiation. To require crosslinkers. Instead, they utilized a method
enhance cell viability, bioprintability, and mechanical involving PEG to avoid crosslinking agents and leaching
properties, researchers have developed various composite processes. The scaffolds prepared from SF-dECM bioink

Figure 8. Bone regeneration with decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink. (A) Alg/MA-dECM composite bioink for bone tissue engineering.
(A, i) Optical and DAPI/phalloidin fluorescence images of the Alg and Alg/2Ma-dECM scaffolds after 7 days; (A, ii) Immunofluorescence images of
osteopontin in Alg and Alg/2Ma-dECM cells after 21 days of culture. Adapted with permission from Lee et al. (B) GEL composite scaffolds: fluorescence
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microscopy images of MC3T3 cells cultured for 14 days. Adapted from Kara et al. (C) Images of the 3D-printed hybrid scaffolds comprised of decellularized
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bone matrix particles combined with poly(caprolactone) (PCL). Adapted from Huang et al. (D) DAPI/phalloidin/OPN staining of hASCs cultured on
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mixed scaffolds of decellularized bone ECM (dbECM) and HA/PLLA. Adapted with permission from Hwangbo et al. Abbreviations: Alg/MA-dECM,
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alginate and methacrylated dECM (Ma-dECM) ; GEL, gelatin; HA/PLLA, hydroxyapatite (HA) Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA); n.d., no data; HP: HA/PLLA n
situ plasma-treated nHA/PLLA (is-HP); In situ plasma/thermal annealed nHA/PLLA (ist-HP).

Volume 10 Issue 5 (2024) 83 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3418