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International Journal of Bioprinting Fluid mechanics of extrusion bioprinting

D E

Figure 14. Numerical simulation results for the distribution of shear and extensional stresses
Figure 14. Numerical simulation results for the distribution of shear and extensional stresses inside the nozzle during extrusion bioprinting (A–C).
Numerical results by Chand et al. for extrusion through various dispensing nozzle: distribution of wall shear stress for (A) tapered conical, (B) conical,
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inside the nozzle during extrusion bioprinting (A–C). Numerical results by Chand et al. for
and (C) cylindrical nozzles. Reprinted with permission from ref. (D and E) Numerical results of Chirianni et al. for extrusion through chamfered
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nozzle: distribution of stresses on the middle plane of the nozzle; (D) shear stress, and (E) extensional stress in the contraction region and needle. Reprinted
extrusion through various dispensing nozzle: distribution of wall shear stress for (A) tapered
with permission from ref. Copyright © (2024) Elsevier.
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conical, (B) conical, and (C) cylindrical nozzles. Reprinted with permission from ref. (D and
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E) Numerical results of Chirianni et al. for extrusion through chamfered nozzle: distribution
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of the bioink flow during the extrusion and deposition
CFD to accurately predict the outcomes of the
bioprinting process. on the stage, researchers can obtain more reliable
of stresses on the middle plane of the nozzle; (D) shear stress, and (E) extensional stress in the
information about the process forces, fiber diameter, and
There are various viscoelastic models, each with even the printability of the bioink.
contraction region and needle. Reprinted with permission from ref. Copyright © (2024)
distinct constitutive equations, that should be selected
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based on the results of rheological tests. The process of The constitutive equations of current viscoelastic
Elsevier. models are developed for single-component fluids
fitting a viscoelastic model to the results of rheological
tests and determining the parameters of the constitutive with constant or temperature-dependent viscoelastic
equation requires sophisticated mathematical properties. However, the simulation of multi-material
calculations. 201,202 By selecting the suitable viscoelastic bioprinting, which involves mixing miscible viscoelastic

model for various bioinks and using CFD for simulation fluids, requires viscoelastic models with composition-

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 142 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3973

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