Page 240 - IJB-10-6

International Journal of Bioprinting DIW of concave hydroxyapatite scaffolds

stability, as it is more difficult for the CDHA nanocrystals based structures, is displayed in Figure 3. The printed OP
to interlock during the hardening process. structure has a total porosity of 20.17%, relatively close
to the designed structure in the G-code (i.e., 20%). The
3.2. Physicochemical characterization of total porosity was slightly increased in the TPMS-based
the scaffolds structures: 24.51% for G, 26.28% for D, and 24.65% for S.
Porosity analysis for a 5.70 cm diameter and 4.29 cm height Similar trends were observed for the closed porosity of the
region, corresponding to 2.66 × 2 unit cells in TPMS- TPMS-based scaffolds: 2.63% for OP, 3.35% for G, 3.65%

Figure 3. Porosity analysis by computed microtomography of the 3D-printed calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffolds with either a typical
orthogonal pattern (OP) or three triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based structures (gyroid [G], diamond [D], and Schwarz [S]) printed with 20%
nominal porosity: (a) total and closed porosity; (b) connectivity; (c) binary segmentation of different sections; and (d) trabecular separation distribution.
Scale bars: 1 mm (c, top); 500 µm (c, bottom).

Volume 10 Issue 6 (2024) 232 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3805